Wood Books


Books-Under-Review-->Reference-->Biography-->W-->Wood-->9
Related Subjects:
More Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250
Wood Books sorted by Average customer review: high to low .

Wood
The History of the Russian Revolution
Published in Paperback by Well Red Publications (2007-04-02)
Author: Leon Trotsky
List price:

Average review score:

There's nothing like being there!
Helpful Votes: 1 out of 1 total.
Review Date: 2008-08-31
If you're looking for a light read, Trotsky's History of Russian Revolution is not the way to go by any means. But, despite its length, and despite the enormity of its topic, this is an amazingly accessible and engrossing account of one of the modern world's most important political and historical events, written by one of its main players. There are certainly some parts that are more difficult than others, and some where clearly Trotsky assumes an understanding of what happened in Russia during 1917 - an expectation of his readers that would have been utterly reasonable for the audience he was writing for, at the time he was writing, but which at times can be a bit confusing for a Westerner reading it almost 100 years later. But this is only occasionally frustrating and there is, in any event, a very helpful set of appendices and glossaris at the back that help you know who's who and what's what. It is, undoubtedly in my view, well worth the effort that it will take you to get through it. I don't think any other history of the revolution is as detailed, as comprehensive, and as engaging as this. There are times when it really has you on the edge of your seat - and that, no doubt, is largely because it is written by someone who was actually there.

Max Eastman, who was a friend of Trotsky, gives us a translation that feels tremendously fresh and was enthusiastically endorsed by Trotsky himself.

How to overthrow the profit system
Helpful Votes: 12 out of 15 total.
Review Date: 2003-05-07
This is one of the most exciting books I've ever read. It tells the amazing story of the Russian revolution of 1917, from the overthrow of the Czar to the Bolshevik Revolution of October. What makes it an incredible read is that the author, Leon Trotsky, was at the middle of it all, as one of the central planners of the insurrection that took power. Trotsky was a great revolutionary and great writer. But one thing I especially like about the book is that Trotsky uses excerpts from many other accounts, including those who hated him with a passion, to tell the story accurately. It is an inspiring story, especially for new generations of young people, workers and farmers who need to learn about an example showing that the dog-eat-dog system of capitalism we live in can be overthrown. For the definitive account of how this great revolution was later derailed, see Trotsky's Revolution Betrayed.

One of the best books ever written about revolution
Helpful Votes: 15 out of 16 total.
Review Date: 2005-04-17
In spite of its length, I've read this book several times. It isn't just a widely acclaimed historic and literary masterpiece, written by a leading participant in the events he describes. It isn't just vividly written and thoroughly researched.

More importantly, it's one of the best books ever written about revolution, as relevant today as ever.

The most important conclusion that emerges is the crucial role of a revolutionary party with an overwhelmingly working class membership, leadership and political orientation: a party that has trained itself in the many years of partial struggles that precede a revolutionary crisis; studied together the lessons of past revolutionary struggles throughout the world; and done everything possible to educate broader layers of workers in those lessons.

(The point is illustrated both positively and negatively. More than once, Lenin had to turn to the Bolshevik's working class rank and file against wavering intellectuals in the party leadership.)

Please don't be put off by the first chapter, the driest and most difficult in the book. The basic idea is that capitalism arrived late in Russia, imported from abroad in the form of huge factories, which laid the basis for the rapid development of a strong, militant labor movement. As a result, the emerging capitalist class was reluctant to mobilize the masses against the feudal nobles and landlords that stood in their way, for fear that the aroused workers might turn on the capitalists themselves.

Under the impact of war and economic crisis, the resulting mixture of different forms of class oppression exploded in a combined revolt of workers, farmers, and oppressed nationalities, destroying both feudalism and capitalism by the time it was through.

Several postcripts:

(1) If you're wondering what went wrong in the Soviet Union after such a promising start, I recommend "The Revolution Betrayed" by Trotsky; also "Lenin's Final Fight" by Lenin.

(2) I disagree with Trotsky's assessment of the pre-1917 differences between himself and Lenin concerning the role of working farmers, the relationship between democratic (anti-feudal) revolution and socialist revolution, and Lenin's formula, "the democratic dictatorship of the proletariat and the peasantry". I think Trotsky's discussion of this is confusing. I recommend "Their Trotsky and Ours" by Jack Barnes. There is also a good debate in "Bolshevism and the Russian Revolution" by Doug Jenness, Ernest Mandel, and V.I. Lenin.

(3) Another reviewer pointed out that this book is available online. However, the printed version has glossaries of people, places, organizations and unfamiliar terms; a more complete chronology; and a thorough index. I relied very heavily on all of these, so much so that I used color-coded post-its to turn to them easily. Also, parts of the online version are full of obvious typos; books from Pathfinder Press are proofread very thoroughly.

(4) Finally, I recommend the ads in the back of the book. Pathfinder Press is defined by a political goal, not commercial success. It aims to provide a platform for revolutionary leaders speaking in their own words. If you like one book, you will probably like others.

THE ABC'S OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
Helpful Votes: 2 out of 3 total.
Review Date: 2007-01-12
Leon Trotsky's History of the Russian Revolution is partisan history at its best. One does not and should not, at least in this day in age, ask historians to be `objective'. One simply asks that the historian present his or her narrative and analysis and get out of the way. Trotsky meets that criterion. Furthermore, in Trotsky's case there is nothing like having a central actor in that drama, who can also write brilliantly and wittily, give his interpretation of the important events and undercurrents swirling around Russia in 1917. If you are looking for a general history of the revolution or want an analysis of what the revolution meant for the fate of various nations after World War I or its affect on world geopolitics look elsewhere. E.H. Carr's History of the Russian Revolution offers an excellent multi-volume set that tells that story through the 1920's. Or if you want to know what the various parliamentary leaders, both bourgeois and Soviet, were thinking and doing from a moderately leftist viewpoint read Sukhanov's Notes on the Russian Revolution. For a more journalistic account John Reed's classic Ten Days That Shook the World is invaluable. Trotsky covers some of this material as well. However, if additionally, you want to get a feel for the molecular process of the Russian Revolution in its ebbs and flows down at the base in the masses where the revolution was made Trotsky's is the book for you.

The life of Leon Trotsky is intimately intertwined with the rise and decline of the Russian Revolution in the first part of the 20th century. As a young man, like an extraordinary number of talented Russian youth, he entered the revolutionary struggle against Czarism in the late 1890's. Shortly thereafter he embraced what became a lifelong devotion to a Marxist political perspective. However, except for the period of the 1905 Revolution when Trotsky was chairman of the Petrograd Soviet and later in 1912 when he tried to unite all the Russian Social Democratic forces in an ill-fated unity conference, which goes down in history as the `August Bloc', he was essentially a free lancer in the international socialist movement. At that time Trotsky saw the Bolsheviks as "sectarians" as it was not clear to him at that time that for socialist revolution to be successful the reformist and revolutionary wings of the movement had to be organizationally split. With the coming of World War I Trotsky drew closer to Bolshevik positions but did not actually join the party until the summer of 1917 when he entered the Central Committee after the fusion of his organization, the Inter-District Organization, and the Bolsheviks. This act represented an important and decisive switch in his understanding of the necessity of a revolutionary workers party to lead the revolution.

As Trotsky himself noted, although he was a late comer to the concept of a Bolshevik Party that delay only instilled in him a greater understanding of the need for a vanguard revolutionary workers party to lead the revolutionary struggles. This understanding underscored his political analysis throughout the rest of his career as a Soviet official and as the leader of the struggle of the Left Opposition against the Stalinist degeneration of the Russian Revolution. After his defeat at the hands of Stalin and his henchmen Trotsky wrote these three volumes in exile in Turkey from 1930 to 1932. At that time Trotsky was not only trying to draw the lessons of the Revolution from an historian's perspective but to teach new cadre the necessary lessons of that struggle as he tried first reform the Bolshevik Party and the Communist International and then later, after that position became politically untenable , to form a new, revolutionary Fourth International. Trotsky was still fighting from this perspective in defense of the gains of the Russian Revolution when a Stalinist agent cut him down. Thus, without doubt, beyond a keen historian's eye for detail and antidote, Trotsky's political insights developed over long experience give his volumes an invaluable added dimension not found in other sources on the Russian Revolution.

As a result of the Bolshevik seizure of power the so-called Russian Question was the central question for world politics throughout most of the 20th century. That central question ended practically with the demise of the Soviet Union in the early 1990's. However, there are still lessons, not all negative, to be learned from the experience of the Russian Revolution. Today, an understanding of this experience is the task for the natural audience for this book, the young alienated radicals of Western society.

The central preoccupation of Trotsky's volumes reviewed here and of his later political career concerns the problem of the crisis of revolutionary leadership of the international labor movement and its national components. That problem can be stated as the gap between the already existing objective conditions necessary for beginning socialist construction based on the current level of capitalist development and the immaturity or lack of revolutionary leadership to overthrow the old order. From the European Revolutions of 1848 on, not excepting the heroic Paris Commune, until his time the only successful working class revolution had been in led by the Bolsheviks in Russia in 1917. Why? Anarchists may look back to the Paris Commune or forward to the Spanish Civil War in 1936 for solace but the plain fact is that absent a revolutionary party those struggles were defeated without establishing the prerequisites for socialism. History has indicated that a revolutionary party that has assimilated the lessons of the past and is rooted in the working class allied with and leading the plebian masses in its wake is the only way to bring the socialist program to fruition. That hard truth shines through Trotsky's three volumes. Unfortunately, this is still the central problem confronting the international labor movement today. Read this book many times.

Powerful account of a great revolution!
Helpful Votes: 8 out of 9 total.
Review Date: 2003-04-27
This is a huge and wonderful book-- three volumes in one book, some 1200 pages in all. The story Trotsky lays out is most inspiring and encouraging: how revolutionary-minded workers and peasants in Russia, led by the Bolshevik party, overthrew the centuries-old Czarist monarchy, defeated the attempts to impose a capitalist dictatorship and went on to establish a worker and peasant revolutionary government, opening the road to the possibility of building a socialist society. It's a book you can read repeatedly, getting more out of it each time.

Trotsky explains with rich detail the growing social crisis that wracked Russia, the devastating impact of World War I, the economic collapse, and the incapacity of the old regime to offer any way out. He takes up political developments amongst workers and peasants and the oppressed nationalities of the Russian Empire, including the many millions forced into the Russian army. You understand their growing conviction that the old society had to be and could be overturned and a new order established. And Trotsky gives real insight into the leadership that made possible an actual revolution under these conditions-- the development of the Bolshevik party led by V.I. Lenin and it's successful fight to win the allegiance of the struggling millions.

Trotsky was, along with Lenin, a central leader of the 1917 revolution and of the government it established. After Lenin's death in 1924, he led the international fight to defend the Bolshevik's revolutionary course against the conservative and reactionary bureaucracy headed by Joseph Stalin that came to power later in the Soviet Union. This work was a key part of Trotsky's efforts to make the real facts and lessons 1917 available to future generations of workers, farmers and radicalizing young people. Read it along with some of his many other important works, including The Transitional Program for Socialist Revolution, In Defense of Marxism, The Revolution Betrayed, and The Struggle Against Fascism in Germany.

Wood
The Joint Book: The Complete Guide to Wood Joinery
Published in Spiral-bound by Popular Woodworking Books (2003-01)
Author: Terrie Noll
List price: $25.99
New price: $17.98
Used price: $10.00

Average review score:

One Stop Joint(ing)
Helpful Votes: 0 out of 0 total.
Review Date: 2008-11-01
This is an example of the "if you are going to have one book on ...", then get this one. Very thorough treatment of joinery without laboriously going into too much detail. If you just want to find a way to put two boards together for a project - look no further.

Detailed yet concise
Helpful Votes: 0 out of 1 total.
Review Date: 2008-02-04
What a great book. Highly detailed yet to the point. Great photos and descriptions. Glad I bought it.

Great little book.
Helpful Votes: 0 out of 1 total.
Review Date: 2007-11-15
This is a great little (small in size) reference book for nearly every type of joint you will ever need (and some you never will). No fluff, just reference, instruction and pictures. It should hold up to years of shop abuse as it is spiral bound with a durable cover.

Great Book well worth the money
Helpful Votes: 0 out of 1 total.
Review Date: 2007-05-27
A very nice book. Shows you all kinds of joinery and when to use them and how to make them.
I am very pleased with this book.

The book is small but easy to read and has clear diagrams. Since the book is ring bound it will lay flat making it easy to consult while wood working.

I agree with the other reviews that this is a five star book.

Nice book. Well illustrated. Worth the money.
Helpful Votes: 1 out of 1 total.
Review Date: 2007-03-19
Many good illustrations and photos. Reinforced spiral binding allows book to lie flat for easy reference on workbench, etc.

Joint Selector section at back of book shows thumbnail illustrations of all joints in the book, with corresponding page numbers to the detailed instructions. This section makes it easy to visually identify a particular joinery type and then get more info on how to create it, etc.

Also has nice sections on common joinery tools (squares, clamps, etc.), how to select the proper joinery for a particular project, how to properly glue and clamp a joint -- including a comparison chart explaining the different types of wood glues, a discussion of various hardware used in some joinery types, a glossary of terms, and a thorough index. A great little reference book for any woodworker.

Wood
The Little Book of Whittling: Passing Time on the Trail, on the Porch, and Under the Stars
Published in Paperback by Fox Chapel Publishing (2005-09-28)
Author: Chris Lubkemann
List price: $12.95
New price: $7.43
Used price: $7.78

Average review score:

The Little Book of Whittling
Helpful Votes: 0 out of 0 total.
Review Date: 2008-06-27
Great book! Pictures and written instructions both very helpful. I would recommend it to anyone wanting to get started learning to whittle.

Wonderful Whittler
Helpful Votes: 0 out of 0 total.
Review Date: 2007-12-10
This is a lovely little book and written in a very charming humorous manner. Every page is packed with clear coloured photos. Each project is easy to follow and there are loads of ideas for adapting the basics so that you can make your own stuff. There are lots of little tips about being on the trail and camping too. I love it.

Little Book of Whittling
Helpful Votes: 0 out of 0 total.
Review Date: 2007-10-23
Little Book of Whittling is a good book, with a lot of very helpful information in it. it has some really fun projects in it that were quite simple to make. its a great book!

Good book
Helpful Votes: 0 out of 0 total.
Review Date: 2007-05-31
If you are new to whittling (like me) this was a good book to get started on. Lots of things that you can make right away.

Good beginners guide
Helpful Votes: 2 out of 2 total.
Review Date: 2007-09-30
I went to a local wood hobby shop and looked at several carving/whittling books. This one looked good so I bought it on ebay and saved some $s.
I'm a total novice, so this book was perfect. Full of photographs that explain every step. No previous experience necessary. Tip: I've managed to cut myself a few times so I'm wearing gloves until my technique improves. A very relaxing pastime. Highly recommended. If you are wondering which beginners book to buy then buy this.

Wood
Spinning Will
Published in Paperback by Swank Books (2007-11-01)
Author: P. M. Woods
List price: $14.00
New price: $8.40

Average review score:

spinning my life
Helpful Votes: 0 out of 0 total.
Review Date: 2008-05-07
I GOT this book for my class and i loved! I'm very connected with her and most of the things she said in the book. i field vry connected with many places and situations that she was. I really love and admire the way you describe the places, you have shust of talent describing that is very easy to get touch by anything that you say.

M.T./ Always Revolving
Helpful Votes: 0 out of 0 total.
Review Date: 2008-05-02
P.M. Woods has written a heart tugging novel that I enjoyed as a reader and I think that other readers will enjoy it also. Ms. Woods uses a different type of style by telling Nora's story in fragments. We take the journey with Nora as she moves from the sunny state of California to the not so warm upstate New York. I was fascinated by Nora's love affair with Will. Ms. Woods' novel made me aware of nature and she always painted a perfect portrait of landscapes throughout the entire book.

Spinning Will
Helpful Votes: 0 out of 0 total.
Review Date: 2008-04-29
Throughout most of the story, Will is intertwined in Nora's life. The memory of this man shows through profoundly as dialogue and a long-distance affair are recollected in precise detail. Besides the human interactions, landscapes and surroundings come to us in great detail, showing that the places Nora has been remain integral to her being. Her memory brings forth each setting in just enough detail as to draw you into a balance between people and place. Because of the inherent importance of the distance between Will and Nora and what this dose to their relationship, the long journeys Will takes to actually see Nora become mystified as broken phone calls inform not only us, but Nora, of the patchwork picture of where Will is. These calls ground us into the reality of life and how unpredictable it can be. Helping this notion along is the seemingly random times at which Will calls Nora for midnight rendezvous. They cannot reveal what they are doing or have done, but even so, danger is never sensed -- only Will's hasty exits cue us in on the rush that is involved with their affair.
I believe what P.M. Woods has done with Ian is created the counterpart to Will's personality. here we see an immature, unwed, egotistic, self-centered boy. His energies are directed toward hatred of women, and at some points of the story, such as the oven cleaning section -- where Nora is brutally attacked while cleaning said oven -- I get the impression that this is actually Ian, although it is never said outright. Will acknowledges that Ian as a "pushy" personality, which constantly pokes and prods at your worst aspects, and it lays a foundation, for me, into understanding a woman's point of view into why the remain in such relationships. Nora verbalizes this want to hold on, that he might change, but he doesn't. With one last trivial act, Nora finally decides to end it, but this is only revealed to us late in the book.
The issue of cheating on your spouse is integral to most of what takes place in the book, and it makes me question if their affair is really something bad at all. Here we have Will, whose wife wants to leave him. And here we have Nora, who is told first hand of this. The only person out of the loop is Will, who is then doing wrong. Although we don't know if Will is aware of his wife's detraction, regardless, he continues to maintain a relationship with Nora, however scattered and distant it may be. The whole situation begs to tell me a bit about women and their motives. I don't wish to label all women in such a way, because certainly one's experience does not dictate another's, but it seems clear that they, or more specifically, Nora, is easily lead, succumbing to feeling. Will plays this smoothly, always fun to be around, and having somewhere else to be. His laidback reserve seems easy to rest on, and many times in the story, we see Nora attempting to match his pace. Nowhere is this more apparent than in the scene where Nora is trying to match her heartbeat to Will's as she laid her head on his chest.
I found "Cliff Hanging" (p140) an interesting section. It provides for vivid imagery and a deep metaphor for Will and Nora's relationship. On one hand, she likes being with Will. In another, she wants to be with Will, but that cannot be. It appears as though Will is a support for Nora, but also a burden that rights itself automatically -- a teasing that only gets worse, and more severe during the times they are apart.
Looking at the story as a whole, I found the fragmented layout a welcome change to the ordered progression of novels written in chapters. Each part of the story comes later or earlier, which helps to hold our attention on how the importance of a section comes into play in an earlier or later part. The book privdes for a leisurely ride through the expanses of scenic landscapes and the journeys of an affair that ultimately will lead to nowhere but self reflection. It's hard to say that I'd known about this book outside of the class where I was introduced to it, but I'm glad I did. It's a dose of disorder that makes me wonder just what else is possible in story structures, and the methods of delivery a story can be presented in.

An interesting story.
Helpful Votes: 0 out of 0 total.
Review Date: 2008-02-19
P.M. Woods, crafts an interesting tale, a weaving of poetic tapestry. It's a fragile love story that transcends a journey of self discovery and remembering moments from a particular time. You will be able to identify with the every day characters. Once you pick up this book you will be drawn in to the very end.

Post-post modern western.
Helpful Votes: 0 out of 0 total.
Review Date: 2006-03-12
This is a complicated story that is excellently crafted. The main characters are running away and so go west with the conflicting desires to disappear and to connect. There is the "hunted" feel of the great westerns which works well as it seems everyone is trying to escape circumstances and/or consequences. There are two unique literary devices that took some getting use to. One that involves movies on drive in theatre screens illuminating the plot and the second; well you'll have to read the book to see if it works for you. In this age where we struggle to find meaning in the scrap piles of our own making, this novel captures a yearning, a working it out while viewing in full the paths ahead. The sheriff is coming for ya, it's just that he's not over the next hill, he's watching from the unconscious. Let's hope that Ron MacLean has another book coming soon!

Wood
Dead Wood: Engaging the Disengaged in Today's Right-sized Workplace
Published in Hardcover by Booksurge Llc (2008-02-05)
Author: Robert M. Khoury
List price: $26.99
New price: $26.99

Average review score:

Work Place survival
Helpful Votes: 0 out of 0 total.
Review Date: 2008-09-12
This is a great book written in an amusing way for people who are fed up dealing with coworkers. I found it a very insightful book... not too intense... not too complicated... but informative enough to make it interesting and worthwhile. Dead Wood provided me with a chance to look at my co-workers in a different light and helped alleviate some of the workplace frustration.

I would highly recommend this book for those who work in corporate America or any workplace that includes other people and want to survive with both a paycheck and their sanity.

Good Read
Helpful Votes: 0 out of 0 total.
Review Date: 2008-08-04
Holy Crap! The first reading of this book was a killer. As an old guy with far more memories than futures I found myself stopping every few pages and reminiscing about people I have known matching each section's descriptive type. To make it worse, I reviewed how I met each challenge. It wasn't pretty. And, it was an exhausting exercise.

The second reading, two nights in my favorite chair, was thoroughly enjoyable as I highlighted the concepts and smiled as I began to decipher Dr. Khoury's wacky humor and appreciate his intellect.

Dead Wood now sits in the "ready reference" section of my bookshelves to be used as I encounter the dead woods of the future. Great read. Great reference. I think this old dog has learned some new tricks.

Rene' Milici
Helpful Votes: 0 out of 0 total.
Review Date: 2008-07-14
Dr. Khoury did a wonderful job describing "Deadwood" in the workplace. I found the book to be wonderfully witty and entertaining. Now when I go to work I attach real people to the characters in the book, makes for a fun day! Bravo Dr. Khoury!

There IS hope in the workplace
Helpful Votes: 0 out of 0 total.
Review Date: 2008-07-09
Dr. Khoury has written a wry, witty and very readable treatise on a life condition all too prevalent in today's America. In his own inimitable and entertaining fashion, he successfully presents a careful and systematic analysis of how the various psychological motivations that determine a person's work ethic can be used for the greater good.

I have to admit that, in the beginning, I was very skeptical about Dr. Khoury's theory that Mr./Ms. Deadwood could be recast, remolded, recreated, transformed or redeemed. Mea culpa.

T. Milici
Helpful Votes: 0 out of 0 total.
Review Date: 2008-06-05
I thought "Dead Wood" was entertaining, educational and enlightening. Mr. Khoury has an excellent in sight into what really goes on in todays work force. Lets face it, no matter where you work or what type of work you do we are all have to deal with dead wood each and every day. This book supplies you with skills and advise you will need to deal with and over come these problems. As a supervisor I especially enjoyed Chapter 12 - The 10 commandments!!! This is a must read for anybody who has a job!

Wood
Diversity: The Invention of a Concept
Published in Paperback by Encounter Books (2004-06-25)
Author: Peter Wood
List price: $17.95
New price: $4.98
Used price: $2.69

Average review score:

A reasoned, measured approach to the problems with diversity
Helpful Votes: 0 out of 0 total.
Review Date: 2008-11-17
"Diversity: The Invention of a Concept" by Peter Wood offers proof positive that the so-called diversity movement being foisted on workplaces, schools, and pretty much every other aspect of American life has nothing to do with equality, justice, or progress. Wood has researched his topic carefully and diligently, and he is unafraid to shine a light on the deceptive practices couched in the nearly sacred shroud of diversity.

His reasoned, measured approach to the harms and schemes being perpetuated in the name of diversity will provide a measure of solace to anyone who has fallen victim to this illogical, emotionally driven agenda and should let those who deal in diversity drivel and its twisted logic know that theirs is not a cause built on solid ground. This book is very well-researched and written, and hence is a pleasure to read---even though it will take some time.

The idea of bestowing special treatment to members of certain races and ethnicities is unlikely to vanish soon, yet books such as this one are essential reading for anyone who wants to understand fully the underpinnings and ramifications of the relentless, reckless rush toward "diversity."

A Clear-Headed Diagnosis of a Hot-Button Issue
Helpful Votes: 10 out of 12 total.
Review Date: 2004-04-18
The thesis of Wood's book can be stated in this way: With relative cultural unity having been achieved in America with the removal of legal barriers to opportunity for minorities, a more recent movement has arisen that seeks to undermine this unity by introducing a new type of "diversity". The former term refers to true diversity between cultures that involves deep and fundamental differences in worldviews that are more often an obstacle to overcome than something to be celebrated. (One example used by Wood is Herman Melville's extended experience with Typee people in the Marquesan Islands.) On the other hand, the new diversity (used in italics by the author) turns superficial distinctions into epochal differences (such as having a college roommate with fake Polynesian tattoos) that, according to the diversophiles, must be retained in the culture at all costs.

This is more than just a silly exercise in treating cultural fads as meaningful differences. Wood describes a two-phase process in which this concept of diversity is a means to a specific end. The first phase (diversity I) stresses hard that people must be defined by a race, even if the minority does not wish to do so, in order to create identifiable "groups" in society. The second phase (diversity II) uses the fiction that diversity of race, gender, sexual preference, etc. is equivalent to diversity of worldview. With this foundation, questions of diversity take on an ominous meaning - when this kind of diversity is emphasized as a policy in the workplace, on campus, or elsewhere, a conflict arises between the interest in selecting the best qualified individual(s) and preserving an overall profile of a workforce or campus population. And when these superficial race, sex, etc. characteristics of a person are given a preference over actual qualifications to do the job, it brings up the same issues of racism that America had been trying to move away from for so long.

An especially helpful passage in Wood's book is his breakdown of the Bakke decision, which upheld the race-preference factor in school admissions process. Justice Powell's opinion for the court made the "diversity" principle a major issue, which was unusual considering that no other justice on either side joined him in this portion of the opinion and that little attention was given to this issue during the case itself.

The bulk of Wood's book then explains how this principle has been applied in most areas of society - the workplace, campus, the arts, etc. The book was published in 2003, but came out before the U.S. Supreme Court decision upholding in part the University of Michigan's use of race-based preferences. However, the book is a valuable resource in describing the problem beyond the immediate political debate.

Great book that cuts against the cultural grain. . .
Helpful Votes: 11 out of 11 total.
Review Date: 2005-12-05
Professor Wood admits that, in contemporary America, only the most intrepid minds dare question diversity's exalted stature as a cultural ideal. So it should say something Wood's disregard for his own reputation that he has written this book, which assails the ideal of diversity on page by page pace. I will admit that I bought this book hoping to see just this kind of thing-to see a credible author and skilled mind slay diversity in a "public setting." Of course, it's only a public setting if more people read the book.

My own antipathy toward diversity took root during my undergraduate experience at the University of Nebraska, where diversity pervaded official policy, speeches, campus news articles, and student government. Not despising diversity, I merely became irritated with its omnipresence, the way one might tire of a food group if forced to eat it at every sitting. In short, I was unaware of diversity's true malevolence before reading this book. But Wood documents diversity's self-contradictions, its empty thinking, its threat to individualism, its corrosive impact on higher education, and more. In higher education, for instance, Wood attacks race preferences for admission (carried out in the name of diversity) and notes that, at the U. of Michigan, a white applicant to law school scoring between 163-165 on the LSAT and holding a 3.25 GPA has about a 23% chance of being admitted. A minority student with the exact same academic credentials has a 99% chance. I mention this in this review so that the potential reader can get a feel for the content of this book.

Of higher education, Professor Wood also points out how diversity is cleverly used as a two-faced recruitment tool. Diversity is marketed to white American teenagers, Wood says, as a way to escape the social narrowness of their high school experience-as a "romantic mingling" experience with "the other". But diversity is then marketed to minority students as an assurance that they will feel welcome at State U., where increased recruitment of students of color will offer minorities a safe haven from the crush of the predominantly white student body. Fantastic observation, because it's true, and it reveals diversity's opportunistic nature.

Despite diversity's grotesque track record, Wood also realizes why diversity has maintained a near universal following in this country-it seems to command us all to be fair, helpful, open-minded, and above all, to avoid judgment of other people, other beliefs, and other ideas (is that such a good idea?). As Wood argues, despite diversity's more noble exhortations, we as neighbors, citizens, and co-workers can better achieve good will and social betterment if we set aside silly race-based distinctions and look instead at individual merit.

As an example of how holistic Wood's view of diversity is, take one of the early chapters. In it, Wood draws on his experience in anthropology to relate how Americans in the 1800s and early 1900s were avid readers of books and compendiums that provided rich, unabashed descriptions of the world's geographic and cultural diversity. True diversity. He contrasts this bygone interest in the world's people and places with the new diversity, which Wood argues accentuates slight differences between people (black Americans, white Americans, Hispanics, etc.) and asserts, against the evidence, that the differences between us are gigantic. Furthermore, he chastises contemporary Americans for believing themselves to be educated about and sensitive to cultural differences, whereas, these same Americans believe, past generations were parochial, ignorant, and unappreciative of these differences. "It is a sad delusion," he writes.

Although it wasn't the most enjoyable segment in the book, the best work Wood does (from an author's and researcher's point of view) is when he traces the growth of diversity from an LBJ speech through the Supreme Court's Bakke decision through the 1980s and then today. Wood's treatment of the Bakke case is remarkable in its detail, and is sure to startle the reader when one realizes how a marginalized, fringe idea (that there is real, measurable educational value in having a diverse student body), set forth by Justice Lewis Powell, spawned the monster we wrestle with today.

Overall, Wood takes a topic that had great potential to be tedious and academic and turns it into a delightful read that manages to deal with diversity comprehensively and delicately without compromising the reader's interest. Flat-out, this is a great book.

Interesting, insightful, and above the usual fray...
Helpful Votes: 12 out of 14 total.
Review Date: 2004-01-23
Professor Wood offers a holistic look at this strange new ideology of diversity, particularly in how it has surged from an obscure portion of the Bakke case to an all-encompassing religion for its adherents that continues to encroach on virtually every aspect of public life. His best argument is that diversity, when brought alongside traditional American values of liberty and equality, always seems to trump the latter pair, and we end up forsaking both liberty and our belief in equality to preserve demographiclly correct proportions of essentially manufactured ethnicities.

Wood comes to some strong conclusions, but never commits the near universal sin of hyperbole that currently envelopes both political left and right. That alone should earn him four-and-a-half stars. Anyone interested in a thoughtful, well-researched critque of this concept of diversity need look no further than professor Wood. Please, delete Hannity and O'Reilly from your shopping cart and buy this book first!!!

The greatest lie in the world: diversity
Helpful Votes: 17 out of 36 total.
Review Date: 2003-10-17
Diversity is the greatewst lie in america today. What does diveristy claim. It claims, as we learn in this fine read, that diversity is essential to success and understanding and tolerance. THis is actually completely false. Diverse workforces and diverse college campuses dont actually make anything better, in fact they make people less tolerant. Diversity is the ideal of the communist left that says everyone(remmember "workers of the world unite you have nothing to lose but your chains!") is the same and that by mixing us all together in some grand social experiment that we will all be happy. That sad part is that 'diversity' and 'tokenism' really mirrors far more what queen victoria did at her diamond jubille when all the 'oddities of empire' the diverse masses from all over were paraded in front of the aristocracy. This is the truth behind diversity. In fact the liberal would love it if every diverse 'oddity' of humanity could come to college dressed in 'traditional garb' so that we can admire and see them as if they are in some museum. But this doesnt help the 'exotic' people we bring in to diversify ourselves, it actually mkaes them feel more like outcasts. Hiring one Sikh and one Hindu and one Pathan and one Gurka and one Jew for your coproation wont help them, in fact they would all be more productive if they worked with eachother against eachother. The idea that they will become more tolerant is also false. In most racially mixed societies(Brazil, south africa, Israel, Australia, America) the many races hate eachother much more then they did prior to the mixing.

Lets take for example the situation in malaysia when they were building the Petronas Twin Towers. They had Japanese workers building one tower and koreans building the other. The teams hated eachother and competed. If they had been mixed they would have worked slower and they still would have gone to lunch speratly and not 'tolerated' on another. Here is an example where diversity would not have helped in the workforce. Diversity is simply the aristocracies latest social experiment to divide us so that they can keep us all down rather then letting us become tolerant on our own. A great book.

Wood
How Apollo Flew to the Moon
Published in Kindle Edition by Praxis (2007-10-31)
Author: W. David Woods
List price: $29.95
New price: $17.79

Average review score:

How Apollo Flew to the Moon
Helpful Votes: 0 out of 1 total.
Review Date: 2008-06-11
Very informative book on the mechanics of getting to the moon in the 1960s; also,contains some very good photos.

An engaging and valuable book
Helpful Votes: 1 out of 1 total.
Review Date: 2008-09-21
This book is pitched at the slightly more technical level. So if you're the type of person who likes expanded description, who has a pilot's licence maybe or likes flight simulators, or has mechanical curiosity then you'll find more here on those matters than in the biographical/anecdotal books.
It really is a very satisfying book.

Best of the best
Helpful Votes: 2 out of 2 total.
Review Date: 2008-07-25
I have over 200 books on the early space program and the race to the moon but this book is by far the best and most detailed I have ever read on just how it was done. I couldn't put it down. If you ever wanted to know, for example, what every abort mode meant during launch or why and how the crew made certain burns during the flight, get this book! It takes the reader from liftoff through splashdown explaining in fantastic detail every step of these wonderful voyages. This book is not a techno-geek's only book. It explains to the common man in the street everything from transfer orbits to gimbal lock. Get this book! I guarentee, even if you thought you knew a lot about it, you'll be amazed at what it took to fly to the moon.

Great book with a few quirks
Helpful Votes: 2 out of 2 total.
Review Date: 2008-07-06
First of all, I second all the wonderful things that folks have said about this book in the other reviews. It beautifully fills in the gaps as to what was actually going on, and explains in relatively simple terms how the systems work. An engineer or space enthusiast won't have any problems with the terminology. A less educated reader might be somewhat less able to understand - but then again, they're probably not the target audience, anyway. As someone who spent his teenage years watching Apollo live, I'm very happy to have the book in my collection.

There are a few quirks that stuck out at me:
(1) The book literally stinks. I don't know what kind of paper and ink combination they used, but the book smells AWFUL. There's something in it that I'm allergic to. It makes me sneeze if it's within 18 inches of my face, so I have to hold it at arms length to read it without my eyes watering and my nose running. I hate to mention that, but it's enough of an issue to be more than just annoying. I have never had that problem with any other book.

(2) Most of the black and white photos are reproduced very darkly. Some of them are so dark that it's difficult to tell what we are supposed to be seeing in the photo.

(3) The author says up front that he will insist on using metric instead of English units because that's the way the rest of the world measures things. As someone who has memorized all the pertinent dimensions of the Apollo from his youth, it's very disconcerting for me to see them expressed solely in different units. In some cases, the author's writing around the units makes this even more bizarre to my American sensibilities. For example, we would say the F-1 engine produced 1.5 million pounds of thrust. On page 19, the author says the F-1 "produced a force that could balance 680 tonnes of mass." I only recall him using the word "thrust" once in the book - the rest of the time, he speaks of balance tonnes of mass.

(4) The editing was a little sloppy. Perhaps the book was not intended to be read sequentially, but there are examples when entire paragraphs are reproduced almost verbatim in several chapters. One section has a footnote that refers the reader to the previous chapter - the one we just read - for a discussion of a concept. The author also introduces verbatim transcripts of transmissions from actual missions to illustrate points about systems that he is discussing. However, he tends to include more of the conversation than is pertinent to the issue in question. It's as if someone is showing you film clips that go on a little longer than they should, past the punch line.

These are relatively minor quibbles, though. Again, I believe this is an excellent book than any fan of the Apollo era will want to have in his or her library.

Excellent. Remarkable insight into one of Man's greatest accomplishments.
Helpful Votes: 2 out of 2 total.
Review Date: 2008-06-28
A page-turner for those interested in the mechanics of spaceflight. Even though it records the events of nearly forty years ago, it is still hard to believe that men put their faith in such frail craft; the chances of safely returning from the voyage to the moon were put at no more than 50/50.

What struck me most about this book was the depth of research, and the revelatory nature of some of the material. For example, while I consider myself pretty knowledgeable about the mechanics of Apollo, having eagerly consumed anything and everything I could get my hands on since I was a kid watching it on TV, I was surprised to find out the accuracy required to safely enter lunar orbit. This book reveals that an SPS burn even 2 seconds short or longer than planned could result in either a crash into the Moon or slingshot into solar orbit. And that, once in orbit around the Moon, the time between loss-of-signal and re-aquisition was pre-calculated to the second, and their calculation was invariably right on the money. All this in the era of the slide-rule.

If you have even a passing interest in the technical detail of Man's greatest accomplishment, get this book. Guaranteed to please the hard-core space fan.

Wood
Man of the Family (1951 Hardcover Printing)
Published in Hardcover by Peoples Books (1951)
Author: Ralph Moody
List price:
Used price: $102.85

Average review score:

Outstanding Family Reading
Helpful Votes: 0 out of 0 total.
Review Date: 2008-07-04
I finished reading this book to my older children (12 and 14) today. We all loved it. The book operates on many levels. It's the Chronicles of the life of an adolescent boy around 1910. It's also the story of a family's struggles and will to not only survive, but to thrive and to stand up for their beliefs. This book has encouraged my children to contribute more in our family, and to set up their own families with good principles. I would give this book 10 stars if there were 10 to give, and I can't recommend it highly enough as a great family read!

These are some of the best books!
Helpful Votes: 0 out of 0 total.
Review Date: 2008-05-25
Wow these books are great! And you know the later the books the thicker they are. I think its because he remembers more about like his teen years than in his childhood. Well over all I would highly recommend this book. Yet like in a prior review these books do have some language but it shrinks in the text more and more. Buy this book and you wont be disappointed!

Great Series Great Author for young and Old
Helpful Votes: 0 out of 0 total.
Review Date: 2007-08-24
Highly recommended series. I recommend as an alternative to the Little House series for boys. Well written.

The Ralph Moody Collection
Helpful Votes: 13 out of 13 total.
Review Date: 2006-08-26

A reviewer asked for help regarding the names and volumes in this series. Here it is...

1. Little Britches
2. Man of the Family
3. The Home Ranch
4. Mary Emma & Company
5. The Fields of Home
6. Shaking the Nickel
7. The Dry Divide
8. Horse of a Different Color

Mr. Moody shares adventures of his life in this series. It's wonderful, but there is some foul language. Therefore, I would recommend reading the books aloud with older children (not for the preschool/early elementary crowd).

A family on its own
Helpful Votes: 8 out of 8 total.
Review Date: 2006-04-27
When Ralph Moody's father dies in the early spring of 1910, he's eleven years old, the senior boy in a family of five, and determined to support his mother and siblings. It's a rocky road, for his mother, even though she declares she'll "depend on" him as "her man," is equally determined that he must stay in school--which means he's restricted to nickel-an-hour boy-jobs for most of the year. And so, despite the title, this book is less about Ralph's helming the family than about the family's pulling together to support itself. They start a "cookery route," selling Mrs. Moody's New England food to neighbors; the children pick fruit, and Ralph rides in match races, breeds rabbits, and hires schoolmates with horses to keep the cattle from the incoming trail herds out of the residential lanes, as well as discovering that it's possible to supply the family's entire need for coal simply by picking up what has fallen off the tenders of passing trains. Like his father before him, he proves to be a shrewd trader and a clever inventor who comes up with a device on which to dry and repair the lace curtains from Denver's Brown Palace Hotel when his mother gets the idea of offering her services as a contract launderer. And he and his brothers and sisters get a surprise when, six months after their father's death, their mother has a sixth baby.

Besides Mary Emma Moody, who stands solidly in the midst of her young family and exemplifies the best type of "widder woman," the two most unforgettable characters in the book are Sheriff McGrath, a widower who tries awkwardly to court Ralph's mother, and Jerry McEnerney, the Irish section boss who, for all his early bluster, soon becomes the boy's friend and quietly arranges for him to obtain over 100 used railroad ties to haul away and sell. And though there are setbacks and mishaps, such as the vividly described spillage of an entire wagonload of cookery, the Moodys soldier on, until it begins to look as if they will be able to stay indefinitely in Ralph's beloved Colorado. But then Mary Emma incautiously shares a secret with a neighbor, and is subpoenaed to testify before the Grand Jury. Fearing that she will end by sending an innocent man to the gallows, she decides there is only one thing to do: take her children and secretly flee out of state to live with her brother in New England. And so one phase of Ralph's life ends and another begins, to be told in subsequent books. But the West will call him back, and he will never be fully free of its spell.

This is a funny, warmhearted, inspiring tale of a family determined to make its way without seeking charity, of its friends and neighbors, and of the beautiful land it loves. It would make a splendid family readaloud, or a good book to curl up with alone if you love stories of the West and of people who don't give up.

Wood
Out of the Woods: Stories
Published in Paperback by Simon & Schuster (2000-02-22)
Author: Chris Offutt
List price: $12.00
New price: $2.74
Used price: $0.01
Collectible price: $25.00

Average review score:

High Praise for Chris Offutt
Helpful Votes: 10 out of 10 total.
Review Date: 2001-01-10
Presently you won't see Chris Offutt's name on any bestseller's list, but please don't let that discourage you from reading his wonderful work. In "Out of the Woods," Offutt follows the lives of ex-cons, alcoholics, gamblers, and drifters as they struggle to find direction and purpose.

Offutt's characters share one common thread, they were all born and raised in Appalachian communities in Kentucky. Reared in a culture in and of itself, these Kentuckians face harsh realities as they try to carve out a path for themselves in mainstream America. Most grapple with a strong desire to get out and see the world yet simultaneously they fight the urge to return to the comfort and security of home. In "Moscow, Idaho," a young prisoner on grave digging duty aims to turn over a new leaf and wonders if he will ever find a woman, a good job, and a town to settle in. "Two-Eleven All Around" is the story of a man who is so desperate for attention from his girlfriend, that he stages his own arrest in hope that she will hear about it while listening to her radio. These tales combine perseverance and heartbreak into poetic prose.

There have been comparisons of Offutt's writing to that of Raymond Carver's. Only in my opinion, Offutt is better. Carver's characters tend to present with a flat affect, but Offutt is able to take the reader subtly and deeply into his characters minds. Chris Offutt excels at what he writes about because he lived the life of his characters. He grew up in a small Appalachian community and at the age of nineteen he meandered across the country where he went through more than fifty jobs before returning to home and raising a family. Chris Offutt has come full circle and there is no doubt that he will find himself a place in the world of literature.

Offutt turns on the overhead light and throws off the sheet.
Helpful Votes: 3 out of 3 total.
Review Date: 2001-12-15
Because I love short stories and Southern writers, I discovered Chris Offutt. Out of the Woods was his first book I read. It won't be the last. His fiction is serious, his characters haunting. Haunting because of the writer's honesty. Offutt turns on the overhead light and throws off the sheet. His protagonist in "Two-Eleven All Around" sums up all of his characters when he ponders, "Sometimes I don't think I've done anything to leave my mark in this world. I'm the kind of person the world leaves a mark on." Offutt has left his mark.

voices audible
Helpful Votes: 3 out of 4 total.
Review Date: 2000-04-02
Ain't no such thing as a perfect story no matter how masterful the crafter is. That's what art is, I guess. It's the "imperfections" - maybe the particularities, the quirks and indiosicracies - which strick you in that very personal way like the writer is writing for you and you want to shake the hand which wrote that tale, which made your life a little better just now and you really want to say - thanks! After awhile, if the work is good, you don't feel like you're reading some book. This guy, Offut, is actually a very ordinary proser. It seems. Seemingly, not that much extraordinary stuff is going on. No sense of immediate beauty or anything like that. He writes as if he's one with the tale being told. There's this intimacy here, OUT OF THE WOODS, like you don't get in many places. He honors - people, life, words, and the putting together of. That's what I think. Some phrases jump at you with a real live human voice. ("I'm going with Jack," she said. "I'm sorry." - in TOUGH PEOPLE) ("What the f--- do you want?" - in TWO-ELEVEN ALL AROUND) I've been keeping these sentences in me for awhile and as corny as this sounds, they make me want to be a better person.

Flannery, Breece, and Chris: Reference Standards
Helpful Votes: 3 out of 11 total.
Review Date: 1999-08-20
There's only a few writers that I hold as examples of what the art should be, and Chris is one of 'em.

Poetry
Helpful Votes: 7 out of 7 total.
Review Date: 2000-05-11
This book of stories rivals Denis johnson's Jesus' Son as oneof the most compelling books of stories written in the last decade.Economically written and darkly funny, not one word is wasted. And the landscapes are etched with a painter's flare for light and form. I've read Mr. Offut's novel and memoir and they are very good. But this book is truly original, an example of how much promise the short story as a significant art form in 2000 and beyond.

Wood
Teaching Kids to Read for Dummies
Published in Paperback by For Dummies (2004-05-07)
Author: Tracey Wood
List price: $19.99
New price: $8.00
Used price: $7.61

Average review score:

Hands-on phonics
Helpful Votes: 0 out of 0 total.
Review Date: 2008-09-06
While I would suggest reading a few different books about teaching reading to get an idea of different approaches, this is an excellent resource for teaching phonics. I have some phonics workbooks that make my kids feel like they are in a chain gang. All of the activities this author suggests are more like games. I use this book every day for a few minutes for phonics. While this book gives a strong basis for preparing kids to read, I didn't feel that it was the greatest resource for guiding kids once they actually have some familiarity with reading and need practice. For that, I would recommend the book Guided Reading: Good First Teaching for All Children which has a different approach that will probably work as a good counterbalance to Teaching Kids to Read for Dummies. But because I use this book every day, I have to give it five stars!

Teaching Kids To Read
Helpful Votes: 0 out of 0 total.
Review Date: 2006-04-21
Fabulous book! Teaching Kids To Read is loaded with practical ideas for teaching phonics. The recommended strategies are simple, yet quite engaging. I have used several of the tips in this book to teach basic reading skills to my older students. This book is a must have for parents and teachers alike.

A Great Help for All Parents of Struggling Readers
Helpful Votes: 1 out of 1 total.
Review Date: 2006-01-24
I purchased this book through amazon to help my 6 year old son with his reading problems. The book is a perfect guide to teach a lay person how to help their children. All parents have their childrens best interests in mind and want to help when they are struggling, but sometimes we don't know how to help. I don't have an education degree and had no idea how to help my son. Reading the book gives us "dummies" somewhere to turn for help. The book lays out a practical plan for helping your child that is easy to follow. Thank You Tracey!!! This is a must read for anyone that has a struggling child. My son is SPRinting his way to success!

great book
Helpful Votes: 2 out of 2 total.
Review Date: 2006-08-09
I bought this book to help my five year old. I like it better than others i have read because its easy to read and doesnt feel like i have to plow through it. It gives lots of activities and some good word lists to use and how to use them. Id recommend this for anyone who wants to help their child progress a bit quicker.

Highly recommended
Helpful Votes: 8 out of 8 total.
Review Date: 2006-08-25
This is a very good book. I am a teacher and a parent and of the many books I have read about teaching children to read this is the one I recommend most to parents. The author includes all the important things to teach a beginning reader and presents it in a way that is easy for any parent to read. She also emphasises that reading should be fun which is especially important in these early years. A good buy.


Books-Under-Review-->Reference-->Biography-->W-->Wood-->9
Related Subjects:
More Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250