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Excelently funnyReview Date: 2005-03-09
My friendReview Date: 2004-11-05
Nose From JupiterReview Date: 2004-01-08
There's an Alien up my noseReview Date: 2004-08-11
I found myself crying with laughter at the alien forcing the little boy Allen out of his usual routine and behaviour. There are some hilarious moments as Norbert the Alien gets Allen into tricky situations he would normally avoid.
The alien helped Allen sort out bullies and also to understand his mum and dad. All of these life lessons are given in such a positive way.
My sons were invited to a birthday party and they asked if they could buy the 'alien up the nose book' for their friend - this one is a winner for kids and parents.
A smart "children"s book that pulls no punches...Review Date: 2002-08-21
Life is tough - and real - for Alan, and Scrimger pulls no punches.
Then an alien, Norbert, takes up residence in Alan's nose, and things go quickly awry in Alan's balanced (if somewhat sad) world. Norbert is quickly mistaken for "Squeaky" - Alan's new nickname as the school's suddenly gifted ventriloquist. As Squeaky starts tossing bon-mots aplenty around the school, Alan finds himself unwittingly insulting the bullies, telling girls how he really feels, and being - just this once - the life of the classroom.
What's heartening about this tale is not really the antics of the alien in Alan's nose - though certainly the humour is a blast and it's enjoyable to the extreme. What got my real vote was the true-to-life child frustration that Scrimger wove into the plot. Alan worries that his father doesn't care about him anymore, and that his mother is just too busy to really pay attention. He's a witty kid, and very smart (in non-math ways), and I doubt anyone would have any trouble empathising with Alan's world.
The balance of humour and real-life in this book is nothing short of artful, and kids will appreciate not being spoken down to in this tale. Snap it up, and be prepared for an eventually triumphant novel that will touch on some real emotionality.
'Nathan


Touching to the soulReview Date: 2007-07-25
These are great lines "The Poet-Preacher John Donne said `I date my life from my ministry.' There is more to life than ministry, but I knew as soon as we pulled out of the driveway that I had needed Cana more than Cana ever needed me. I do make sense of my life from that ministry."
An Honest Inside Look at Ministry and a CongregationReview Date: 2005-11-25
OPEN SECRETS is the story of Richard Lischer's first three years of ministry. The time period is the late 60's/early 70's. Like many of his generation, he is filled with new ideas and is ready for a great assignment so he can change the world. Just as teachers quickly learn that if they are to be successful they have to be learners as well, people in ministry have to learn a similar lesson that the priest/minister may be the leader but training and education do not always mean expertise. Lischer learns this lesson when he is assigned to a small parish in New Cana, Illinois. The parish is neither ready nor reluctant to his ideas. The congregation simply "is" and in some ways this is infuriating for the young minister. He has to adapt to their ways while still being true to his calling. He does some bold things in the parish which are at times exactly what the congregation needs and at other times is more an example of his being headstrong. We see that the assignment was challenging for him, but we do not see it in a nostalgic way or in a way that belittles the congregation he served.
For me, the most important contribution OPEN SECRETS makes is the way that Lischer is able to see his experiences for what they were, and how he grew not only in his ministry but in an appreciation for the people he served. It is a story that will be appreciated by anyone who takes an active role in a faith community but it will probably speak to people who are in ministry in a powerful way and anyone who strives to serve God in a heartfelt and honest way.
the life of the average pastorReview Date: 2005-04-27
Fish out of water . . .Review Date: 2006-10-16
This may sound like grounds for some modestly Lutheran hilarity along the lines of Garrison Keillor, but Lischer has other things in mind. In chapter after chapter, he reveals how he discovers the bonds of community that have held his church families together for generations, and in his three years there, while he never really finds himself at home with them, they help him learn a great deal about what the parish ministry really means - a kind of mutual support that he had not been prepared for in his years at the seminary.
Lischer has a wonderful gift as a writer. He takes his time to find the right words, the right metaphor to bring his subject to life, and like a well-crafted sermon, they illuminate the everyday world, if only briefly, with an other-worldly light. When he and his family leave at the end of his tenure, there is a sadness of parting - and nostalgia for a time gone by - that accompanies the reader long after the last page has been turned.
No more secretsReview Date: 2003-10-18
Lischer begins this autobiographical tale with a brief overview of his life prior to his arrival at New Cana -- only child, good but standard education, 'typical' rebellions in school and seminary -- a fairly conventional upbringing, with only a few points of deviation from the norm. He did have visions of something better, however, and was shocked at his appointment to the church in New Cana, a town so remote that it was difficult to find on a map, and even once he was there, it was still difficult to find.
There was a symbol of foreboding from the first day, in that the cross atop the church was broken. This was a broken community, and had been for generations, in many ways. It was stable, secure in its structure and in its dysfunction, and Lischer's arrival was greeted with what was probably the traditional lack of fanfare. There was one 'ruling family' of the congregation, and insiders were clearly differentiated from the outsiders. Lischer and family were definitely outsiders.
The conflicts in the town were fairly typical of the human condition -- there were family troubles ranging from abuse and neglect to simple emotional wear-and-tear. Overshadowing the town was the almost constant depression that accompanies an agricultural-based community; working the land is hard in the best of times, so people grew accustomed to a hard life.
Lischer ultimately finds value in the community, but one wonders upon reading this memoir if that value was realised largely (or only) in hindsight. The struggle through the conflicts, both internal and external, are very apparent at each turn. Nothing came easily in Lischer's ministry. Ultimately, however, the community was accepting, and Lischer was similarly accepting. One man, Leonard, who loudly proclaimed, 'I didn't vote for you' at the first meeting of congregation and pastor, was in fact the last one to give thanks and blessing as the Lischers departed for new ministries three years later.
The people recounted in Lischer's tale are genuine. We only get the interior reflections of Lischer, but one can sense, among this uncomplicated community, the motivations and simple ways of true living among the parishioners. When Lischer tried for an innovation in the liturgy by permitting guitar music, one member of congregation reacted badly. Worried, Lischer wondered how the trouble might be resolved, others in the congregation assured Lischer not to worry, saying that the trouble-maker had always been trouble anyway.
As a portrait of small-town life, this is a unique and interesting perspective. While the world of the 60s is no longer with us, in many ways the community of New Cana (as many small agricultural towns were) was largely passed over by many of the cultural developments of the 60s (and 70s, and 80s); thus there is a timeless character to this narrative.
Fascinating to read, practical and spiritual at the same time, the reader will be enriched by Lischer's experiences.
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Out of Print? Tragedy!Review Date: 2006-07-07
I just love this book - the plot, the characters, the dialogue - a masterpiece from Richard Peck. What a shame it's not in print anymore! I think today's teenage girls need this story just as much, if not more than I did.
Pleased PrincessReview Date: 2003-03-13
Princess AshleyReview Date: 2005-02-23
Princess Ashley is one of the most captivating books I have read. Richard Peck, expresses through his writing how it really is to be a teenager. It was so easy for me to relate to the way the characters felt, and it even gave me advice about things I had never even thought of. I believe that every teenager should read this book. It will give you advice, encouragement, different point of views, and almost make you feel as if you're not alone in this world. Once you pick up Princess Ashley, there is no putting it down!
Very RealisticReview Date: 2001-08-24
Believable TeensReview Date: 2001-02-27


Focus First on Knowledge and Data to Avoid IT StallsReview Date: 1999-06-24
The best book on the subject.Review Date: 1999-06-09
This book will help Japanese Society to enter New EraReview Date: 2000-10-25
Best reference book for enterprise DQM task forces.Review Date: 1999-06-18
QUESTION TO WEB MASTERReview Date: 2000-11-22
This book will help Japanese Society to enter New Era, October 24, 2000 Reviewer: teruo miyagawa (see more about me) from hiratsuka, kanagawa Japan Deming's TQC(Total Quality Control) and Kanban method were the key for Miracle Japan economy growth after World War Two. Japanese economy were struggling during 1990's decade, one of the reason is to ignore the power of the information structure, and depend upon the old paper information system, which speed cannot catch up with the society change speed. This book will help Japanese Society to enter New Era. Last month, Daiwa Bank's ex-board 11 members were ordered 830 million USD indemnity, because of Daiwa Bank New York officer's fraud. Snow Brand, Mitusbishi Moter, Bridgestone/Firestone, many companies are facing trouble by lacking Total data Quality Management. This book is really help for 21 centure enterprize direction.
*** Seeing no voting buttons? To ensure fairness and impartiality, we allow you to vote only for other customers' reviews.***
WHY MY COMMENT IS NO VOTING BUTTONS? IS MY COMMNET NOT FAIRNESS AND IMPARTIALITY? LET ME KNOW. TERUO MIYAGAWA

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What a great book!Review Date: 2008-02-18
Reader's reviewReview Date: 2007-12-07
Raising a Champion: A Beginner's Guide to Showing DogsReview Date: 2006-08-30
Very InformativeReview Date: 2007-05-30
It was a very exciting and satisfying experience and I look forward to learning more from this book in the future. I am a beginner and there is much to learn.
Great Beginners GuideReview Date: 2007-01-17

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Bolitho sets the stage for NelsonReview Date: 2007-03-10
Bolitho assumes command of a squadron that is surprisingly populated by most all of the characters that have survived the previous eleven novels. The Captains of the 74 gun ship of the line are Thomas Herrick (Bolitho's closes friend), Charles Farquhar (who was a Lieutenant under Bolitho), Charles Probyn (served as a Lieutenant senior to Bolitho), Inch (was a midshipman in one of Bolitho's ships), etc. In addition, Adam Pascoe, Bolitho's nephew is on the flagship serving as a Lieutenant. I suppose the British navy of that time was quite closely knit, and perhaps it was not surprising to have all the senior officers having served with one another in the past, but it seemed too convenient and pat to me.
Bolitho starts on his mission and almost immediately finds out that his real struggle will be the petty jealousies and serious disruptions caused by the relationships of his subordinates to each other. As the book narrative continues, most of the senior commanders make decisions that affect the outcomes of complete naval battles based purely on how they view their colleagues and what possibilities for advancement these actions might have on their careers. This is quite different than Richard Bolitho's own experiences as a Captain of his ship and he is quite taken back by it. In addition, some of these officers have reached the end of their abilities and may even be cracking under the strains of command - even some who are quite close to Bolitho which makes it trebly difficult for the Commodore.
As far as naval action goes, there is something going on non-stop. From cutting out expeditions, to shore attacks, to handling storms, to pitched battles among large ships, they are all there. Bolitho is not handling the individual ship but is trying to focus on the strategic direction he's been given as well as rule his unruly crew and that provides its own set of challenges to our hero. He comes through it with flying colors even though he tries to do a bit too much fighting in the front lines to what one would expect of senior officers. Of course, this is noted across the squadron and appreciated by the typical seaman who responds by putting out much more than is expected of them including doing some very outrageous actions which change the course of battles. (The subtheme of having the officers treat the men decently so they do better is a general one in this whole series)
As Bolitho figures out what the French intentions are, he immediately moves to counter them. So, one of the subplots in this story is how Bolitho's actions changed the course of history. As the book progresses, you read about what he is doing and at the end realize that one reason why Nelson was able to win the decisive Battle of the Nile and thereby change the course of world history was because Bolitho and his small squadron took risks and gave their blood and lives for England.
With so much going on and so much happening in the book, it was also nice to see how well written the book is. Although there is much technical jargon associated with the art of sailing ships in the late 18th century, that same jargon is a key element of the story and adds, rather than distracts, from the pleasure of it. the characters that are regulars in these books continue to develop - sometimes in surprising ways. Since this book is happening almost completely at sea with the British Navy, it is not surprising that there are not many elements of sexual relationships (with the exception of Bolitho's recent escapades in London) or romantic involvement. Therefore it is kind of jarring when the author introduces a woman to Herrick who falls in love with Herrick after speaking with him for one hour (ONE hour!). This has been a significant failing of many of these books in that the man - woman relationships are being portrayed in a completely unrealistic manner. But, never mind, these are minor matters for this kind of book.
A further disappointment for me was that Bolitho and Nelson manage to be at the same place and time for only the second time in this series in this book. According to the Epilogue, Bolitho and his squadron fought in the Battle of the Nile. That is glossed over in a few paragraphs and then Bolitho is sent back to Gibraltar and England. Since the last two books were all gearing up to this point in history, it was kind of deflating to not have at least a complete chapter devoted to that famous battle. I suppose that since Bolitho and his mates are all fictional, it was kind of difficult to place him in any kind of context that made sense in a famous battle like this one. It also brings to mind a question: How will Bolitho participate in the Battle of Trafalgar?
Signal-Close ActionReview Date: 2007-01-19
Bonaparte's retreatReview Date: 2004-01-29
In this Bolitho adventure, Post Captain Richard Bolitho is made a Commodore and given a small squadron consisting of
three 74-gun ships-of-the-line and a couple of smaller vessels and ordered to the Mediterannean to discover the French Fleet's
intentions.
Eventually he is instrumental in getting rear admiral Horatio Nelson's attention, and bringing a full-fledged British Fleet into the Med, leading to the Battle of the Nile.
This story has the usual hard fought sea battles, as well as cutting out action and other forays onto foreign soil, with only minimal love interest this time.
Bolitho is faced with a couple of subordinate captains' jealousy, and in one case hatred, but manages to pull it off anyway.
Alexander Kent has written another winner, and provided us with another great vicarious adventure.
Joseph (Joe) Pierre, USN (Ret)
author
of Handguns and Freedom...their care and maintenance
and other books
Intense psychology of commandReview Date: 2002-02-07
The suspense in this series is partly the eventual goal and task set to Bolitho and mostly how Bolitho is ever going to solve impossible tactical situations at sea. The usual solution he proposes is a surprise maneuver, but what form will it take this time? Like many of Kent's book titles, "Signal - Close Action!" is a stirring phrase but barely hints at the situations and solutions to be found within. Conversely, his chapter titles too often prefigure the event. As usual it's easy to spot who will be "good" officers and who "bad," so thorough are the differences, but Kent does provide one surprising development. As always, it is absolutely vital to pay closest attention to the sailing directions (wind, tack, etc.) if you want to visualize the sea maneuvers, because Kent won't tell us in lubber's terms. The cover bears an excellent wrap-around picture, "ripped from the living text."
The complexity of command- when you are all there is....Review Date: 2003-10-24
As much as the author excels at technical accuracy, his character development and knowledge of human nature is even stronger. He shows that the politics, gameplaying, and back-stabbing aboard a warship can be every bit as complex as that in a Turkish harem. Yet, there is the underlying sense of the imperative of setting a positive example as an officer, of showing your people that you can truly LEAD as well as you can simply COMMAND their daily lives.
In this volume Bolitho has been promoted to Commodore and given command of a squadron (three seventy-fours, a thirty-two gun frigate, and a sloop of war.) He takes command with orders to find out what Napoleon is up to in the Mediterrean- and then to handle it as best he sees fit. As the majority of the British fleet is tied up on blockade duty in the Atlantic, he will be the sole projection of British naval might this side of Gibraltar. The details of commanding an entire task force instead of a single vessel, as in the earlier volumes, is fascinating in and of itself. Ultimately, Bolitho finds that he must place his command between the Nile and an entire French fleet....

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Great HaggadahReview Date: 2008-05-11
As a store owner, I can say this book was neededReview Date: 2008-05-09
Perfect for any Seder with ChildrenReview Date: 2008-04-13
A 48-page cartoon-style illustrated story of Passover Review Date: 2008-02-07
Raise a Fifth Cup to the Joyous HaggadahReview Date: 2008-02-26

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Diebenkorn AddictionReview Date: 2008-04-28
The Art of Richard DieberkornReview Date: 2007-10-30
Richard DiebenkornReview Date: 2007-01-30
A painter all to discoverReview Date: 2006-11-05
An exemplary art bookReview Date: 2007-04-09

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Pack that bag and let's go!Review Date: 2008-07-29
From the coast of India, to the mountains of Peru, to the colorful lighthouses of the Magdalen Islands...complete with web addresses and phone numbers and lots of practical advice.
Whether you have your suitcase packed and ready to go....or will not likely venture far from your Strat-O-Lounger, I think you will find this book enjoyable.
New ideas for travelReview Date: 2008-07-21
I did not realize this book is intended for the senior traveler (50+), but then again I would really hope that by that time that I'm that age I still could make those trips.
The trips described are slightly adventurous but some have a hint of comfort as well. Each of these trips would make for a wonderful experience and I would like to do almost each one of them.
The more challenging trips are listed in the last part of the book in the chapter of future destinations (at the moment infrastructure is lacking in those places for easy travel).
So there is something for everyone who is interested in exciting and active holidays. Recommended.
engaging, intelligent and rewarding readReview Date: 2008-06-26
It nearly felt as if I'd joined the excursions as the details offered were so accessible and entertaining. It's
almost as if I'd had a little mini vacation . The book is all about getting away and literally vacating ones' life
and after reading (actually flying) through this book , I felt that wonderful relaxed feeling one has after taking
an enjoyable and distracting vacation.
Marcia Stone Tanck, Venice California
A great book of adventure travel trips! Review Date: 2008-05-31
They should put a warning label on this book: "Caution! Reading more than two chapters of this book at one sitting may cause you to quit your job to do more adventure traveling before it's too late!" I read "Riding the Hulahula to the Arctic Ocean" slowly -
partly to savor the descriptions of the adventure travel and partly because I found myself daydreaming about planning more and longer trips after I had read a chapter or two.
"Hulahula" is a "must read" book for seasoned (that is, experienced, older) travelers who are looking for new places to explore that are off the beaten track. The Hulahula is not a Hawaiian dance but a river in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, and you get a first person account of what it is like to raft down it. The book also takes you "up close and personal" on encounters with mountain gorillas in Uganda, and you learn how one of the authors broke down in tears and proposed to his then-girlfriend at Machu Picchu, what it feels like to take a walking safari in Zambia and lots more.
The trips are described in first person narratives that give you a far better idea of what to expect than the standard guidebooks provide - if they cover the trips at all. You also get helpful hints about issues that those of us who are no longer twenty-somethings care about: what kind of shape you should be in to keep up with the others in your group, the toilet facilities, and whether the beds or camping spots will be friendly to people with bad backs. The book also includes useful information on the travel companies that specialize in each trip, possible variations on the trips and prices. My advice: read the book and then get going! Time's a-wasting!
Adventure travel for everyoneReview Date: 2008-06-11
The book consists of several parts: first is the introduction where the coauthors discuss the logistics of adventure travel in the form of "What to do" and "What to bring." Don Mankin handles the first topic and Shannon Stowell handles the second. The tips contained here, e.g., "Get in shape," "Buy trip insurance," and "Bring good footwear" are not revolutionary, but certainly helpful. The specific clothing and footwear recommendations in Stowell's chapter are especially useful.
The next 26 chapters each cover a different adventure travel experience, and are grouped by continent. About half the chapters are written by Mankin, while Stowell contributes two of his own, and the rest are rounded out by other contributors recruited by the authors. It's a shame that Stowell only wrote two chapters as his writing style is very lively and seems to capture the adventure aspect of the trip very well. The form followed in each chapter is a full description of the trip including some of the hardships as well as the beauty and adventure. The end of each chapter covers four topics: "Why Go," "Special Issues and Challenges," "Variations and Options," and "Resources and Information." Within the final topic are two subtopics, "How to do it" and "Where to Stay." This gives the reader plenty of information to make a decision as to the feasibility of the trip from the standpoint of health/physical fitness, level of accommodations that can be expected, and financial burden, as most of the trips list the prices that can be expected in either 2007 or 2008 dollars. There's also contact information for tour operators and others who can help with the planning of the trip.
At the end of these 26 chapters are 26 more trips that are listed in a couple of paragraphs each. These trips were not experienced directly by any of the authors, but rather were gleaned from a survey of adventure travel tour operators who were asked to recommend tours that would be good for the, ahem, "seasoned" adventure traveler. Once again these tours are grouped by continent and all areas of the globe are covered.
The final chapter is titled "What's next in adventure travel" and covers topics such as sustainable adventure travel, and also volunteer adventure tourism, or "voluntourism." This is something that has apparently been catching on lately, and in this chapter they lay out some questions that anyone considering this approach should ask of themselves and of any tour operators with whom they might book a trip.
Overall, the book was very good, especially in the way it captured my imagination and transported me to the location being described. As someone who diligently seeks to avoid crowds, I was pleased that most of the trips also had the same goal in mind, even though they were generally within arm's reach of civilization. The diversity of the trips both in terms of subject and location provides something for everyone. My favorites were the trek to the mountain gorillas in Uganda where Katherine Braun Mankin had a couple gorillas pass by within two feet as she sat trembling with excitement, the walking safari in Zambia where Dennis Hicks and Stephanie Waxman got out of their vehicle and walked through the bush for a total immersion experience in the wilds of Africa, and the trip by coathor Stowell to the Dong village in Guizhou, China where the whole town came out to sing for them when they arrived.
This is not a book you'll want to carry with you on your travels, since it doesn't give step-by-step directions as you go, but it's definitely a book you'll want to read from cover to cover if you're planning a trip somewhere and you'd like ideas on where to go and, almost as important, how to go. Highly recommended.
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Most Representative Thinker in Anglo-American TraditionReview Date: 2006-08-24
Locke writes the "Second Treatise of Government" to justify the Revolt of 1688 and the ascension of William of Orange to the English throne. The book argues against two lines of absolutist ideas. The first is Sir Robert Filmer's "patriarchal theory of divine right of kings; secondly, Hobbes argument for the sovereign's absolute power in his book "Leviathan." Locke argues that government emanates from the people. Locke's treatise rests like other political writings on its interpretation of human nature. He sees our nature opposite the way Hobbes did, decent and not as selfish or competitive. Man is more inclined to join society through reason and not fear. Man prefers stability to change.
His very important contribution to "law of nature" theory was his bias toward individualism. In state of nature, before government, men were free independent, equal enjoying inalienable rights "chief among them being life, liberty, and property." Where have you read that before? Property rights receive much attention in this treatise. Locke argues that government based on consent of man can still preserve freedom independence and equality.
His political writing had immediate influence in the world and influenced our founding fathers in their struggle against tyranny. He is an excellent writer and his theories are easy to understand by the laymen. As a graduate student of political philosophy, I recommend if you have an interest in politics, philosophy, or government then you must read Locke's "Second Treatise of Government"
SeminalReview Date: 2007-06-27
Locke comes to an understanding of "society", "government", and "property", among a number of notions central to our way of life. Doing that, he's also justifying them, as they exist. He states better and more clearly than anyone else what it is we think these things are and why we should view them as good. I don't know if anyone is thought to have done these particular things any better. (I guess I'm saying that Hobbes, Rousseau, etc., did other things.)
Lots of good stuff written here on this. Just think it's worth pointing out that Locke's argument for man's leaving the state of nature and his argument for the establishment of property are notoriously inconsistent.
The "state of nature" is more rhetorical device or thought-experiment than historical description. Nonetheless, it is essential to the argument.
Oh well. Plato's dialogues often end in despair.
I wish more people knew political philosophy. It would raise the general level of discussion. People would spend less time monkeying demagogues, charlatans, and hucksters.
Good edition too.
The Right to Revolution and Natural Rights PhilosopherReview Date: 2005-02-19
Locke shows how when a government degenerates into tyranny the "people" have a right to revolt and throw off such government. Sound familar? Jefferson wrote these words into the Declaration of Independence. Locke believes that liberty is a man's right by his very nature of being human. He points out how that men come together to form a government, based upon a social contract, and that the rulers or government must abide by that contract or man returns to his natural state. In the natural state men are not bound to the current ruler but may institute new government for their security and protection.
Although he believed that government should not be changed lightly or on a whim, and believed that the ruler must violate the contract and usurp power, he nevertheless pointed out that government is of men, not God or gods. He repudiated the doctrine propagated by Filmer, that rulers are appointed to rule by God, ie: the Divine Right of Kings.
This "wee little book" as Jefferson put it, has had a tremendous influence on the Western world. Locke, a child of the English Enlightenment has caused conservatives and other tyrants, socialists and communists to shudder at the right to throw off tyrannical government. A truly great read.
John Locke's classic in handy format +plus bonus essayReview Date: 2003-10-14
The editor of this edition, C. B. Macpherson, gives a little background
and overview in his introduction to this book. He writes that the book "was directed against the principles of Sir Robert
Filmer, whose books, asserting the divine authority of kings and denying any right of resistance, were thought by Locke and
his fellow Whigs to be too influential among the gentry to be left unchallenged by those who held that resistance to an arbitrary
monarch might be justified." (p. viii)
Locke's book served as a philosophical justification for revolting against tyrannical
monarchies in the Glorious Revolution and the American Revolution. His book was practically quoted in the Declaration of Independence.
Locke lays out his basis for government on the foundation that people are able to reason. Because of this, people have inherent freedoms or natural rights. Though he believed in reason, Locke was an empiricist, meaning he believed that all knowledge of the world comes from what our senses tell us. The mind starts as a "tabula rasa", latin for an empty slate. As soon as we are born, we immediately begin learning ideas. Thus, all the material for our knowledge of the world comes to us through sensations. Nevertheless, Locke had an unshakable faith in human reason. He believed that people do learn what is right and wrong, regardless of what they choose to do. Locke believed that faith in God, certain moral norms and understanding consequences were inherent in human reason. So, even though people acquire everything they know about the world through the senses, they are able to think for themselves and reason at a higher level about what they learn.
Locke presumed that there are universally recognized principles and that the consequences are practically scientific. He was greatly influenced by Isaac Newton (1647-1727) who wrote The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy. Locke took the ideas that there were "natural laws" in science and tried to extend that to society.
Natural laws, or rights, in Locke's view, are obvious and learned through human reasoning, and apply to everyone. They are also called "self-evident," which appears in The Declaration of Independence. All humans are created equal, and Locke bases this idea on the golden rule, that people are to do to others as they would have others do to them. Natural equality is the basis of the first and most important "natural law" which is to care for one another. (p. 9) Locke believes that with or without government, there were universal natural rights.
Without government, people are
unprotected from harm by other people. Where there is no government, people are free to do as they please, even to harm others.
In this state, natural laws still apply, such as the right of people to protect themselves and seek reparation for injuries
done to them. However, people are naturally inconsistent in executing punishments, because they have a propensity to act out
of hate or revenge. Therefore, laws are necessary in a civil society to fairly arbitrate justice. The purpose of creating
a civil society is to avoid major conflicts and keep peace.
Thus, civil government is a "contract" between people to
regulate their affairs fairly. According to Locke's theories, people enter into a social contract by forming governments that
will preserve order.
Locke describes a civil government as being democratic with some checks to ensure that it does not overstep its boundaries, and having both legislative and executive powers. A civil government is democratic or representative, meaning laws are created by the consent of the people through the voice of a majority vote. The legislature should represent the people equally based on population. (Salus populi suprema lex) All people are subject to the law, including the rulers-no one is above the law. Even the legislature needs "standing rules" to keep it from over-stepping its boundaries. Locke advocated the principle of division of powers. Because the legislature only meets at appointed times to create or revise laws, there needs to be an executive power that is constantly enforcing the laws. So Locke describes a division of the legislative and executive powers.
In contrast to what was being claimed by the rulers of the time, Locke taught that the purpose of government is to serve and benefit the people and that it should be controlled by the people for which the government was made. His claim that people have the right to rebel against government was controversial. Second Treatise of Government served as a foundation for future political philosophies.
Most Representative Thinker in Anglo-American TraditionReview Date: 2006-08-24
Locke writes the "Second Treatise of Government" to justify the Revolt of 1688 and the ascension of William of Orange to the English throne. The book argues against two lines of absolutist ideas. The first is Sir Robert Filmer's "patriarchal theory of divine right of kings; secondly, Hobbes argument for the sovereign's absolute power in his book "Leviathan." Locke argues that government emanates from the people. Locke's treatise rests like other political writings on its interpretation of human nature. He sees our nature opposite the way Hobbes did, decent and not as selfish or competitive. Man is more inclined to join society through reason and not fear. Man prefers stability to change.
His very important contribution to "law of nature" theory was his bias toward individualism. In state of nature, before government, men were free independent, equal enjoying inalienable rights "chief among them being life, liberty, and property." Where have you read that before? Property rights receive much attention in this treatise. Locke argues that government based on consent of man can still preserve freedom independence and equality.
His political writing had immediate influence in the world and influenced our founding fathers in their struggle against tyranny. He is an excellent writer and his theories are easy to understand by the laymen. As a graduate student of political philosophy, I recommend if you have an interest in politics, philosophy, or government then you must read Locke's "Second Treatise of Government"
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