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It Took a While!Review Date: 2008-05-05
FDR an Enigma of 20th Century Politics!Review Date: 2008-10-22
Conrad Black has indeed done his due diligence in the writing of the life and times of this great 20th Century behemoth. Black's prose shows his support for FDR's New Deal policies from Social Security into the Wagner Act. His take of Roosevelt is one of an ultimate politician, whether defending his left wing Keynesian theories or politically aligning support pre-Pearl Harbor to ward off the evils of Nazism. FDR shows all the facets of being the ultimate political patrician. Roosevelt was hell bent of forming all the liberal policies in supporting all the New Deal legislation.
FDR brought on the New Deal, supported the Lend Lease Act, directed the Allied activities along with Churchill and Stalin to win World War II. He indeed dies in harness in 1945 shortly before VE day.
Black goes into the rather austere marriage of convenience to his distant cousin Eleanor Roosevelt. Also he describes Roosevelt's courageous struggle with Polio which he had to struggle for the rest of his life from the age of 39.
This biography gives a rather different look of an American Icon. It states FDR's limitations, failures and of course his great abilities as a leader and as an orator extraordinaire.
This is indeed a good, but rather long read. If you are a student of 20th Century history, please read this book.
F.D.R. man of the hour.Review Date: 2008-10-08
FDR: Champion of FreedomReview Date: 2008-05-10
What can you say? It's a thoroughly researched, skillfully wound tale of a man who has no statesman-like comparison in modern American history. I'm an 'Eisenhower Republican' - though, I fear we're a dying breed - however, remark at the leadership and undying dedication to country this magnificently flawed giant of a president consistently demonstrated throughout the course of his illustrious political career.
It's exhaustively researched and fact packed, to be sure - but will nary leave you wanting to leave this bulky work on the nightstand before dozing off. Whether you agree or disagree with FDR's policies or tactics, this book is never tendentious and should appeal to readers across political spectrum and ideologies....the way a masterful biography should, in this humble history junkies mind.
Fans of Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt may want to pick up a separate bio for her life story, as Black certainly does not treat her with kid gloves. However, this book accurately hones in on the key subject - FDR - and Lord Black sticks to his prime subject matter with uncompromising rigdity, a keen focus and honesty.
Bravo. I promise to read more of Mr. Black as a result of this admirable and impressive work.
- Johnny Concannon
Astonishing brilliant bio of America's greatest presidentReview Date: 2008-03-23
Conrad Black has written the definitive and best book on the great FDR, hands down. Far from being a fawning soft sell, "Champion Of Freedom" is very fair, and Black does not hesitate to discuss Roosevelt's shortcomings, as well as his triumphs. It is an incredibly thoughtful read, and the research is amazing.
Roosevelt could, at times, be calculating, devious and even mean, especially toward political enemies. This was fair game, however, and in a world where deceit and hidden agendas permeate every action, Roosevelt simply was a mile ahead of everybody else and played the politics game better than anybody ever had before, or will again.
His concern for the working man, the New Deal and landmark programs like the WMA put America to work when there was none to be had. Some lunk headed conservatives claim he stole the work from industry, but that is pure bull. We have Social Security, the Labor Relations Act, and a great park system because of Roosevelt's domestic programs. As far as a wartime president, his foresight and action was almost divinely inspired, and may well have been.
While critics blame him for Pearl Harbor, Black points out that Roosevelt, who loved the Navy and was Assistant Secretary to the Navy in WWI, would never have deliberately put the men of Pearl Harbor in harm's way as it happened. Rather, he had expected the admirals to be fully prepared for possible attack, and was aghast (albeit privately) at the incompetence shown at Pearl Harbor, which should have been more than able to put up a very good fight against the Japanese attackers. True, he expected war, and knew that the sooner, the better once our armed forces were ready, and that was well underway.
This is just one revelation of a very complex man who was regarded in Messianic proportions by the populace and by the world at large. Black is a master writer, and truly has created a masterpiece worthy of its subject. For serious history and Roosevelt fans, it's a must have.


An Interesting AnalysisReview Date: 2008-11-11
The cosmological evidence roughly outlined by Rees has led to a renewed interest in the argument from design for the existence of God. If God purposely created the universe to support life, then we can understand why the values governing it are conducive to life. However, Rees offers a different interpretation. Rees argues that there might be a large (perhaps infinite) number of other universes that exist separate from our own. What we call the `universe' is really just a small portion of the entire cosmos. This so-called `Multiverse' model eliminates the mystery of why the universe seems so fortuitously life-permitting. Only in the small subset of actual universes that are compatible with life can life arise. Of course, we inhabit a life-permitting universe- because we must!
So, why should we accept the multiverse hypothesis rather than the design hypothesis? Unfortunately, on this point Rees is almost entirely silent. He never once argues that the multiverse model is superior or the design hypothesis deficient. Therefore, the evidence provided throughout the book is at least compatible with either interpretation.
Moreover, Rees does not provide much of a defense of the multiverse hypothesis, which has been critiqued in many ways. For example, the hypothesis that an infinite number of universes exist completely separate from our own seems to be an ad hoc and complicated hypothesis which we should therefore be hesitant to accept. Another problem is that multiverse models don't necessarily eliminate the need for a designer anyways, because the models often require extensive fine-tuning to work in the first place.
The only objection that Rees tries to counteract is the claim that the multiverse model is unscientific. He claims that there are at least potential ways that the model could be confirmed or disconfirmed in the future. I think Rees is correct about this, but this does not give us any positive reason to accept the multiverse interpretation.
Most of "Just Six Numbers" deals with cosmology, and this discussion is very interesting. However, I found the author's writing style to be a bit dry. For a more entertaining and engaging discussion, I would recommend Cosmic Jackpot by Paul Davies. If Rees spent more time defending his multiverse interpretation, this book might be worth a read. As it stands, however, there are much better books out there on this subject.
fabulousReview Date: 2008-10-05
An easy, delightful read --Review Date: 2008-07-14
It's easy reading, well written -- Rees introduces new concepts for the novice, but upon coming back to them later he reminds you what it was all about. "Everything should be made a simple as possible, but not simpler" : )
~~ NowScape~com
Absolutely fascinating!Review Date: 2008-04-15
Well-informed speculation, meandering text, ugly coverReview Date: 2007-12-30
The explanations of the key concepts related to the six numbers are good enough for those who don't want formulae or underlying details. Rees' explanations and comparisons of phenomena by referring to orders of magnitude are particularly good, showing the significance of scale for "everything" between quantum physics and clusters of galaxies. The book's length, just under 200 pages, is good for an overview. It was fun to read insights and amusing reflections from a long career in the field. An example is the idea from Max Plank that theories are never abandoned until their opponents are all dead, so science advances one funeral at a time.
According to the Big-Bang theory, time and space started with the Big-Bang, and therefore it makes no sense to speak of what happened in the seconds "before" the Big-Bang. In that sense, one can question whether it is worthwhile to speculate about anything "beyond" the known Universe. As the author admits, there is no concrete evidence of a Multiverse, therefore he is treading painfully close to metaphysics. His central argument about the whopping good luck of the proportions of physical forces related to the six numbers is worthy of short intellectual speculation. If evidence is found and falsifiable theories can be formulated, then further research is warranted, otherwise who cares? Fortunately the speculation is free of any religious tones, despite the facetious reference to Providence in the last sentence. At any rate, the book would be difficult reading for a creationist.
The text requires some substantial editing. It is generally clear but not always. For example, the explanation of what strings are (page 159) too short and cryptic to be understandable. Are some tracts so repetitious just to meet the page count?
The book was first published in 1999. I am not sure if subsequent books from the same author, such as the one called "Our Cosmic Habitat", are in fact revised editions of this book. The "Basic Books" edition from 2000 has an outstandingly ugly cover, but the contents are worth reading.


Whoo!Review Date: 2008-07-15
HILARIOUS!Review Date: 2008-03-28
Another Great Book in the Series of Georgia Nicholson: And Then He Ate My Boy EntrancersReview Date: 2007-11-15
When it comes down to Georgia seeing Masimo, she'll do anything, and I mean anything. She goes to a dance club to see him and she's wearing shoes that are way too small for her feet because they just went perfectly with her outfit. Even though the night didn't go exactly the way she planned, she sure did learn something from that. It was one of my many favorite chapters in the book.That chapter was especially funny.
And Then He Ate My Boy Entrancers is one of my favorite books. I would recommend this book to the reader's that like to read a variety of books. Seeing that Georgia is from another county, it gives you a different point of view on the book, the way they talk, and the setting. It's truly a great series to read. But on thing i would recommend is that you should read the first 5 books before you read this one. If you skip right to this one, you miss a lot of little things that make up the whole book. Unfortunately, I learned this the hard way. But it's still a fantastic book.
She's maaaaaaaad!Review Date: 2007-06-10
It is what it is - too funny!Review Date: 2007-02-27


Fast and easy purchaseReview Date: 2008-04-28
ClassicReview Date: 2007-12-17
I highly recommend it.
To Julia Review Date: 2006-09-11
But STOP SHOUTING.
You do know that all capital means "shouting" in web posting, don't you?
Truly Thought ProvokingReview Date: 2008-02-11
extremely well written romantic tragedyReview Date: 2006-06-14
That being said, the bravery it took to write the first English- language novel that addressed "invertedness," in Stephen's case butch-lesbian identity and, overall, homosexuality, is incredible. It is hard to be absolutely disappointed with the author for the ending of the novel, particularly since it seems to be semi-authobiographic. Given the time period, the ending was likely collateral in exchange for being published. Without giving it away, I'll simply add that I felt sad for the world and defiant, and these not unexpected emotions after a 500 page journey that included happiness and hope, depseration and anxiety. To be cliche, it reminds one of how far we've come with civil rights and yet how very far we still must go.
Like some of fellow modernist writer Fitzgerald's characters, Hall's character is wealthy and priveledged and yet likeable. One is inclined to empathize with her situation at most points, and when not, it is easy to become enraged at the world and not Stephen. It's amazing that book was published in the late 20's, and yet problems like those the characters encountered in "The Well of Loneliness" still exist -- we are still fighting to be able to "protect" and "provide security" to those we love.
This book is an amazing journey. If it is slow moving, it is only because it encompasses over 30 years, years which are necessary to fully understanding the social world that "freaks" like us are still only allowed limited access to. This is worth reading no matter what type of outcast you consider yoursel to be. There is much comfort even in feeling one is not alone. So, thanks, Radclyffe.

Used price: $1.00
Collectible price: $26.85

Fiction that Reads like TruthReview Date: 2008-08-16
Uniquely Crafted and FascinatingReview Date: 2008-04-27
After reading everthing he's done so far I love every word Collum McCann writes and eagerly await the next one.
Travelling Free: How to Recover From the Past
Emotional Options: A Handbook for Happiness
WOWReview Date: 2008-02-28
From my daughter, a dancer's view, it is wonderful to learn about the little things, the notes on techniques, the snipes from jealous classmates, the hardship endured and escaped from so that artistry could be brought to the rest of the world. She loves Russian (Vaganova) ballet and this is what she is studying. This story has helped make her journey even that much more enjoyable.
CAUTION My daughter is 16. I would not recommend this book for younger children unless you are comfortable answering questions that may arise about Nureyev's lifestyle. But for a mid-teen fascinated with ballet and studying World History circa WWII, it is a very pleasant way of merging fact and fiction.
RivetingReview Date: 2006-12-02
A Dancer's Psyche ExploredReview Date: 2006-11-24
I was barely out of childhood when I came across this photograph in a newspaper. I can remember quite clearly how I sat before the open page and stared and stared and stared. I could not turn away from this image. The name of Rudolf Nureyev was only vaguely familiar to me then - but what a face! To consign it to the pile of discarded newspapers which were used, in our home, to wrap up vegetable peelings or food scraps before placing them in the refuge bin seemed some kind of subtle crime. And so very carefully I snipped out this image and saved it.
I was too young then to have any understanding of my own fascination with this particular face. My own reaction seemed almost mystical to me then. All I knew, at the time, was that Rudolf Nureyev was simply the most beautiful man I had ever seen.
This carefully hidden newspaper clipping launched an interest in ballet which lasts to this day. An interest which drew me to read Colum McCann's vivid and stylish fictionalised biography of the dancer who defected from Communist Russia and became the darling of the Western world. The book could be easily read simply as a novel which charts the life of a rugged and determined boy for whom poverty could not quench an instinctive love of music. He danced to entertain soldiers who sometimes threw him coins. He took lessons in secret, and learned how to carve out a career for himself in one of the most ruthless and demanding of all the arts.
One particular passage, (beginning on page 84 of my copy), opens with the phrase, "You see him on Rossi Street with his boots high on his calves, and his long red scarf trailing the ground behind him...", and goes on to describe Nureyev through the eyes of another, less talented ballet student. This section is exceptionally well-written, I think - in fact, I was so impressed with it that I read it aloud at a meeting of Riverside Writers as an example of good contemporary character description.
An attention-holding novel, and an intriguing insight into the creative mind of a complex and sometimes difficult character.

The best book in the universe (The Wind Singer)Review Date: 2007-10-05
A satisfying conclusion for the most partReview Date: 2007-06-13
The wind SingerReview Date: 2006-12-19
Book title: The Wind Singer
This book [The Wind Singer] is good. The author [William Nicholson] makes up amazing names. The setting of the story is in a city called Aramath where they are ostracized. The main characters are Kestrel a girl, Bowman her brother and Mumpo their friend. The theme of the book is to get the Wind Singer's voice and give it to him so he can bring peace to his people. The author is saying life is rough.
My favorite part of the book is when Kestrel, Bowman and Mumpo are flying on birds. This book starts with funny words. This book is filled with adventure. A person who loves adventure would love this book.
excellentReview Date: 2006-05-09
The greatest trick the devil ever pulledReview Date: 2007-09-28
Aramanth is a community that loves its tests. Living by the daily pledge, "I vow to strive harder, to reach higher, and in every way to seek to make tomorrow better than today", its citizens embody the ultimate caste system. Based on strict standardized testing, people live according to how well they test. The nicest homes belong to those members of society that answer quizzes effectively and intelligently. For those people who don't like tests or don't do well on them for a variety of reasons, they live on the bottom rungs of society. There's very little rebellion in Aramanth due to its rigid control of any possible insubordination on the part of its citizens. That is, until the day little Kestrel Hath decides that she doesn't want to live in a world based on testing anymore. Suddenly she's endangered her family and herself. There seems no escape from Aramanth's rules and regulations, until the ancient Emperor, a disused ruler, tells Kestral about the Wind Singer. This gigantic and ancient construction of pipes that towers over the town was once given the ability to sing to its citizens, calming their hearts and making them happy. When the key to the Wind Singer's voice was stolen, the society became cold and hardened into its current state. With her twin brother Bowman and their initially unwanted tagalong Mumpo at her side, Kestral and company embark on a quest to save Aramanth from itself once and for all.
I nominate this book for the title, Perfect Distopian Novel. I've not fallen for a fabulous fantasy in a long time, and this book has everything you could want in it. A great (and little used) moral. Characters you care about deeply. A gripping plot. Everything. I greatly appreciated that the parents of the heroes in this book were not only both alive (not usually the case in fantasies) but also active, amusing, and subversive aids to their kids' efforts. Too often parents fret and flail in children's novels, adding nothing to the story but woe. In this book Mr. and Mrs. Hath recognize the quest their children are on and decide to raise a little hooplah in Aramanth on their own. The results are quite fabulous. I was also impressed by the character of Mumpo. A developmentally challenged boy who loves the Hath twins desperately, Mumpo could easily have been a kind of mock-Forest Gump character, spouting simple platitudes and giving everyone around him a patented new lookout on life. Ugh. There's a little of that, but Nicholson is clever enough to know how to give Mumpo more complexity than Mr. Gump. His character learns and grows (sometimes frighteningly) through his experiences and his very existence makes the twins kinder people through his presence.
There are an awful lot of other great moments in this story, though. For one thing, I think it contains the scariest evil army I've ever read. You can keep your The Lord of the Rings-type orcs and goblins. I personally believe that the army of the Zars, a relentlessly cheery troop of endless, young, white-suited, peppy people given to singing "Kill Kill Kill" at the top of their voices, is the most horrifying group to ever appear in a children's book. The Zars are rivaled in evil, however, by a prematurely old group of children with the ability to suck the youth out of anyone they touch. Worst of all is the evil spirit-lord, the Morah. The Morah has long since convinced the citizens of Aramanth that he's a myth. It reminds me of the quote, "The greatest trick the devil ever pulled was convincing the world he didn't exist". With these incredibly awful foes, it's a wonder Kestrel and Bowman keep their wits about them. Finally, the book has a deep emotional core that I think will be appreciated by all readers. The Hath family is very loving and caring. The bond between the twins is deep and Nicholson deftly portrays the depths of Mumpo's loneliness and despair. Plus the book has an amazing array of different worlds through which the kids travel. From the deep mud world below Aramanth to a traveling city on wheels (somewhat similar those found in the more recent Hungry City Chronicles by fellow Brit, Phillip Reeve), Nicholson creates new fantastical universes out of thin air. The result is a book that'll have you continually reading for hours on end, unable to stop even part way through.
The most recommended fantasy book in schools nation-wide is undeniably Lois Lowry's, The Giver. I suggest that, as good as it is, we give, "The Giver", a break for once and encourage our kids to read "The Wind Singer" instead. Those children that suffer under the strain of repeated testing will appreciate the book's strong message. Children who like great action sequences and heightened danger will fall for the book's fast-paced escapes and battles. And those children that simply like a good story with good writing will be entranced. I say with conviction that this is probably one of the strongest British fantasy book for children written in the twenty-first century. It's simply the best.
Collectible price: $19.95

Permanent part of my reference libraryReview Date: 2008-10-28
English regal historyReview Date: 2008-10-15
The Lives of the Kings and Queends of EnglandReview Date: 2008-08-30
Entertaining and InformativeReview Date: 2007-09-29
Beautiful coffee table bookReview Date: 2007-07-02


Hunger reviewReview Date: 2008-09-30
Derivative AND writer needs to study Eats, Shoots, and LeavesReview Date: 2005-04-21
However, I am an avid reader of contemporary Asian fiction in translation, so perhaps this book looked imitative to me as I was not fresh to the genre; however, I see there have been two kinds of responses to the book -- people who found the stories fresh and literate readers who found them tedious for a variety of reasons.
I had been looking forward to reading the book and it arrived the day after the news that Ms. Chang had been selected to take over the prestigious chair, vacated by the lamentably late and very delightful Irishman Frank Conroy, as head of the Iowa Writer's Workshop. I rushed to read it with great expectations and was surprised to find the stories disturbingly imitative of those of other Asian American writers -- not fresh, but as if Ms. Chang had read and absorbed the experiences of others who had already written them with far more depth and evocative feeling.
My first response in reading the last story in the book (probably an early one of hers) was, "Rule #1: write what you know," as the story came off as an attempt to retell others' stories with what she imagined their feelings to be, but with little insight into the characters; a pre-digested version of better-related tales of life in China.
My second response was, "Egad! This woman is leading a Writer's Workshop, I mean THE Writer's Workshop, and she doesn't have even the rudiments of using a comma down, doesn't know the difference between a restrictive and a non-restrictive clause?" Since Ms. Chang is American-born and a graduate of the University of Iowa, the basics of punctuation are not too much to expect. The number of flaws in the punctuation not only disturbed the flow of the writing but, in some cases, even interfered with the meaning of sentences. Picky picky, I know, but these went far beyond "poetic license:" they were errors in the most basic punctuation of compound and complex sentences. Many of these errors were avoided by her liberal use of simple sentences throughout, but when she ventured beyond the simple sentence, even to those with an introductory adverbial phrase of time, the lack of control/ability to use the simplest agreed-upon standards of punctuation was frightening. It was a lack of control, not an intentional use of punctuation for effect, as it did interfere with both flow and meaning.
Putting the obvious punctuation flaws aside, I still can't say I liked it. I'm not wild about the work of Amy Tan, overly prosaic next to the mastery in the works of Maxine Hong Kingston and Timothy Mo, but next to Ms. Chang's work, Ms. Tan's is elevated to the sublime, losing any prosaic quality I might have ascribed to it. Ms. Tan's work is excellent for communicating the Asian-American experience and family dynamics to the general reader in a narrative style, while that of Timothy Mo and Maxine Kingston speak more to those who have had the opportunity to experience "Chinese Culture" first-hand and in context, as they contain many esoteric or metaphorical references to Chinese mythology, history, and culture.
I have to recommend to all the work of Maxine Kong Kingston as deeply understood and (assimilated?? transmuted?? combined?? stewed???? -- can't get the word at the moment) communicated fables of her family tales in China Men and Warrior Woman, integrating also with them the fables and tales of China, and then, in writing what she knows (rule #1) as a Chinese American, the fabulous journey of spirit and experience in Monkey King (not to be confused with Timothy Mo's wonderful The Monkey King), all of which shift back and forth between the world of fable and reality, as in traditional Chinese literature -- and all of which stand up to repeated readings.
Back to Ms. Chang: I am embarrassed for Iowa University in this selection, but in fairness must say that she may have been selected because she may well be a tremendous teacher who will find her niche in helping others to find their voices; she, however, is still in search of her own. I would suggest that, as preparation for her new position, she sit down and give a good focused read to Eats Shoots and Leaves or Eats, Shoots, and Leaves.
I have to add that, since the purpose of reviews here is to sell books, I rarely post a negative review. This one was screaming for a shout out, and in the spirit of positive reviews, check out the Eats Shoots and Leaves
Eats, Shoots & Leaves: The Zero Tolerance Approach to Punctuation;
Eats, Shoots & Leaves Illustrated Edition
books by Lynne Truss, for gradeschoolers through adults.
The ones that graphically illustrate the unintended meanings that come about through imprecise use of English
Eats, Shoots & Leaves: Why, Commas Really Do Make a Difference!
are ones that will start children on the road of enjoying all that is meant by "English usage."
With that, I leave you with a visual that has stayed with me since childhood and my introduction to the world of bloopers: "Never break bread or roll in your soup." Indeed.
"...how long must we wait to outlast sorrow?"Review Date: 2003-10-04
HUNGER: Incredibly detailed.Review Date: 2002-10-31
The thoughts and inner feelings of the subjects were so brilliantly described I felt as though I could feel and understand just like any one of them.
The book is excellent and I recommend it to anyone!
Beautiful collection!Review Date: 2004-10-25


TURN ME OVER AND READ-- shah firozReview Date: 2008-02-25
Great Exotic Travel ReadReview Date: 2007-05-14
I simply fell for his style of writing, it goes to the core and makes you feel like you are present and for me that is what books should do, suck us into the narrative. I had a travel guide of India by me to look up all the locations mentioned in the book and i just marvelled at the amount of information I learned about magic tricks. I hope more people read his books and that he keeps writing.
PerfectionReview Date: 2007-03-09
condition. Many thanks.
Mostly about street magic as it is done in IndiaReview Date: 2007-11-08
I did find the writing style of the author rather entertaining and at time rather funny, which helped to swallow some sad facts about the life of the poor people in India (as in beggars renting babies so that they could make money - the book also has pictures of a "baby dealer" in Calcutta), about the way people look at and treat widows, and few other beliefs and customs that made me appreciate all over again all the comforts I have and sometimes take for granted.
Surreal indeed!Review Date: 2006-06-13

An excellent concise overviewReview Date: 2007-08-02
Wood does a wonderful job if explaining how a struggle between 13 of Britain's 21 North American colonies was virtually inevitable due to many circumstances that were surely incomprehensible at first, and to hard to untangle afterwards when the issues were of the present day, until all at once, individuals who would rather not, were forced to choose sides. The unusual thing about the American Revolution, is that both sides were choosing between two different types of traditionalism, and were forced to fight a contemporary battle among issues that had divided English speaking peoples since early Norman times, over 600 years in the past. As Wood easily explains, a series of disputes over trade acts and taxes hardly seems like the justification to start the world anew, especially considering that the Revolution saw a huge proportion of military and civilian deaths, leading to economic destruction and civil war in many of the colonies.
Wood only spends 14 whole pages on direct discussion on the military conflict proper, though a reader will not come away with misunderstandings about how the conflict developed or why it was concluded the way it was. The strategic limitations of the British military, not least of which was that were told to wage general war on people most of their office class considered to be as much their countrymen as a Scotchman or Welshman, in the fast American frontier, are explained crisply.
Along the way, Wood does a fine job of explaining why the culture of the American colonies was more united than they gave themselves credit for, why it was overwhelmingly optimistic, with a bent on radical equality of the sort that British people had not hoped for in over 400 years. Wood quotes a British traveler in America from 1759 who writes of the American urgency to rise to the point where the American British reached their destiny to write the laws of the rest of civilization. From that frame of reference, of a new American nation, built with the best of British hopes of tradition, law and religion is how Wood has framed the story of the American Revolution. The book is recommended in the highest way.
A Well Informed, if Very General, OverviewReview Date: 2007-07-10
By nature, this book is a bit more simple than many of Wood's other works, but it is also considerably more clear. He is able to make his point about liberalism and forward thinking in a much more digestible way than he attempted in Radicalism in the American Revolution.
American Revolution by Gordon WoodReview Date: 2007-10-25
Through this book, Wood attempts to demonstrate that the Revolution "needs to be explained and understood, not celebrated or condemned" (xxv). He is not interested in whether the revolution was good or bad. Instead, he brings to light a view of the revolution that few historians have embraced recently. He focuses on "the worth of the Revolution" (xxiv), stating this simply yet eloquently: "How the Revolution came about, what its character was, and what its consequences were--not whether it was good or bad--are the questions this brief history seeks to answer" (xxv). Wood's simple yet succinct style in the book suggests that his audience is the general public.
Wood is no neophyte of historiography. Having received his B. A. from Tufts University and his Ph.D. from Harvard University, he has already demonstrated his masterful expertise of history in his two previous books: The Creation of the American Republic, winner of the Bancroft and John H. Dunning prizes, and The Radicalism of the American Revolution, winner of the prestigious Pulitzer Prize. As an experienced author, Wood understands that writing history demands more than simply explaining one's whims and preferences. This is clearly seen in The American Revolution. Wood realizes that the works of historians who analyze the revolution subjectively "tell us more about the political attitudes of the historians who make such statements than they do about the American Revolution" (xxv). He perceives the American Revolution objectively, rather than subjectively, and The American Revolution is remarkably free of biases. The reader thus proceeds in reading the book with confidence of Wood's impartiality.
With a book called The American Revolution, the reader would expect to find matter dealing only with the American War of Independence. However, Wood sees it as more than a simple military conflict. He sees it as a complete ideological, political, and social revolution: "It was a genuinely radical event, which led to the breakdown of such longstanding patterns of society as deference, patriarchy, and traditional gender relations" (Brinkley, American History, 131). This is his thesis, and it explains why his book concerns more than the American War of Independence.
In order to explain his thesis, Wood must demonstrate how the United States was impacted by this radical revolution, evolving from English colonies to an independent republic. He does this by organizing the book into seven chapters: Origins, American Resistance, Revolution, Constitution-Making and War, Republicanism, Republican Society, and the Federal Constitution. The fact that only fourteen out of the almost two-hundred pages of the book are dedicated to the actual military conflict and that the longest chapter is "Republican Society" demonstrate once again where Wood's emphasis lies. In each chapter, he intertwines the many issues (economic, cultural, political, and ideological), giving the reader a well-rounded image of the proceedings. The short book is dense with evidence for his thesis, creating a sense of "rush of events". The reader can detect that Wood is fascinated by his topic and that fascination is transmitted to the reader.
Wood traces the origins of the American Revolution to three fundamental sources: the growth and movement of the American population, economic expansion, and the reform of the British Empire. These dynamic developments "demanded that England pay more attention to its North American colonies" (Wood 6). They woke Britain from its "salutary neglect" policy and the increasing British presence was seen as an invasion of the colonists' rights. When Britain did reform, Americans were not fervently opposed to the ensuing taxes until Parliament passed the Stamp Act, which Wood describes as the key event in the rise of American resistance.
The nature of American resistance was what made the Revolution so radical. The colonists began by protesting British taxes. These protests came to justify a larger debate: the ideological one. Tensions rose over the differing views on actual/virtual representation and the nature of British Empire. These strains, combined with the ineffectiveness of the British government, caused the crisis to become "more than a simple breakdown in the imperial relationship" (47). Wood traces the changes in the American mentality, but doesn't omit the impact of smaller localized events, such as the Regulator Movement, involved in the rise to independence. He describes the events leading up to Independence as a "spiraling momentum" (51) growing increasingly radical. He explains how America developed its own unique view on liberty, best exemplified in the Declaration of Independence, and how it was primarily motivated by a "desire to root out tyranny once and for all" (67). The results were the radical state constitutions, the Articles of Confederation, and later the Constitution. They were radical because of their unprecedented egalitarianism. Along with these developments, Wood does an excellent job in providing a brief yet exhaustive summary of the military conflict of the American Revolution.
However, his emphasis is on the radical effects of the war, not the war itself. Beginning with the Republicanism chapter, Wood finally unveils these much-awaited radical outcomes, the most important of which is the adoption of a Republican worldview: "This republicanism was in every way a radical ideology" (91). Accompanying this political revolution was a cultural revolution. The flourishing of American literature, art, and architecture are all explained. There emerged a social revolution: a new belief that "the natural affection, moral sense, and benevolence of people were no utopian fantasies" (103). Penal codes were liberalized and humanitarian societies formed. Wood discusses the significance of the concept of equality in American society and juxtaposes it with the subjugation of blacks and natives. The American Revolution also weakened the patriarchal structure of America, increasing the power of women and reforming the concept of "family". A religious revolution, characterized by religious toleration and the growth of formerly underground religions, is described by Wood as the "city upon a hill" assuming a republican character, becoming "the Christian Sparta" (129). Out of these many sub-revolutions, Wood focuses on the Republican society that emerged and how it came to be.
Following the weak central government created by the Articles of Confederation, there was a growing fear of the tyrannical power of state legislatures. Interstate trade also needed to be regulated, and this could only be accomplished by a central authority; the result was the Constitution. Born out of the raging Federalist/Anti-Federalist debates, it created a strong central government, while retaining specific state rights. In doing so, it transformed the concept of sovereignty by locating it in the people at large. The government became only a "temporary and limited agency of the people" (161). Wood concludes by asserting that the most radical impact of the American Revolution is democracy itself: "this democracy was no longer a technical term of political science...Instead, it became the civic faith of the United States" (166). As a result of the American Revolution, America began as "thirteen insignificant British colonies" (xxv) and grew to be a democracy.
By concluding in such way, Wood shows clear evidence for his thesis. The American Revolution truly changed America. He is able to demonstrate this in a book that does not exceed two-hundred pages in length. The book's neat division into chapters concerning each component of the American Revolution, from its origins to its effects, helps the reader digest the material and comprehend Wood's thesis.
Wood's The American Revolution cannot be overestimated in its contribution to history. It strikes new ground by completely renovating the American Revolution's place in American history. It breaks free from all the schools of thought concerning the Revolution, creating its own new category. Because of its innovativeness, persuasiveness, and exactitude, this book is strongly recommended not only for the skilled historian, but also for the amateur who wishes to introduce himself to the American Revolution. The reader of this book will truly understand "the worth of the Revolution" and, along the way, be enthralled by it.
Strong and ClearReview Date: 2007-04-22
A Good IntroductionReview Date: 2007-11-08
The work's objectives, according to Wood, are: "How the Revolution came about, what its character was, and what its consequences were- not whether it was good or bad- are the questions this brief history seeks to answer" (Wood xxv). This is preceded by a quick overview of past works on the subject, which Wood claims, rightfully, as being biased and too much in toe with the authors' contemporary strains. However, despite his wish to be seemingly objective in his prologue, Wood himself seems to be not without his own biases in the book. Often times the work feels not so much an explanation of how the Revolution came about, but more a justification of the actions taken by American patriots. Much attention is given to the fumbling efforts of Parliament and early on describes Great Britain's politics as "ramshackle" (5), "haphazardly" (5), "rickety" (18), "hodgepodge" (20), and declares that it was "no wonder that it took only a bit more than a decade for the whole shaky imperial structure to come crashing down" (21), while at the same time depicting Americans as "confined" (7), and "enmeshed" (23) in the empires blunderings. He then begins to show Americans in a light growing steadily brighter, describing their actions as "spectacular" (33), and as being "raised to the highest plane of principle" (39), "extraordinary" (47) and so noble as to aim to "bring freedom to the whole world" (47). His language, therefore, seems ambitious and patriotic at times, and although they are perhaps not without merit, the argument tends to be greatly one-sided.
The book ends, rather suddenly it seems, with the creation of the constitution. However, it is perhaps too sudden. The Revolution hardly seems complete without at least some attention given to the first presidential term of Washington, which set the Revolutionary principles in practice. Wood deals with the creation of the government, but in not somehow conveying whether or not these revolutionary principles were successful in practice for the figures that formed them allows the claims for the historical granduer of their fight to be rather unjustified. Now that the American (white) people had broken the bonds of an oppressive monarchy, how will their newly elected presidential leader act? Will he encompass their ideals and set new standards for the modern world? A history of the American Revolution, even a short one, hardly seems complete without at least some attention given to this chapter of the story, for just explaining that these people thought up and wrote down the ideas is not the end of the Revolution: it is those ideas put into action that truly can, in at least in some way, conclude the tale.
Despite these minor and perhaps irrelevant grievances, the work is a wonderfully quick way for one who wishes to be introduced to the origins, people, process, and outcome of the Revolution. It excels in its simple overviews of political movements and struggles, as well as concisely displaying the motivations and reasons for events and their results. Overall, it provides for a fun, quick read of a dramatic and interesting period in history.
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