Individual Parks Books

Ever since Yellowstone became a national park, people have worried about its elk population. It seems that there are always either too many elk or not enough; Paul Schullery's "Searching for Yellowstone" even reports seeing petitions to increase and to reduce the elk population available in the same store on consecutive days.

So, is the elk population too big, too small, or just right? This book provides the National Park Service's answer to this question. Like Goldilocks, the author decides that it's just right. Of course, the population fluctuates dramatically with weather, vegetation, and other factors, all of which Houston discusses at length to the extent possible. (He even calls for research on how nematodes' effects on vegetation would influence elk.) Houston develops impressive reconstruction of historic elk populations from fragmentary and imperfect data, from travelers' reports to modern aerial surveys. His presentation is clear and accessible to layman.

Before Houston, the conventional wisdom maintained that there were too many elk, and they were damaging Yellowstone's Northern Range. Evidence included the alleged decline of the willow and aspen that elk eat, and the expansion of conifer forest into meadows in place of aspen stands. Further evidence included the loss riparian habitat associated with willow, and the beavers that thrive there.

These changes are dramatic. In fact, Houston shows us the evidence in Appendix V, which consists of 50 pairs of photos, with a historic photo and a retake 50-100 years later. Though all are in black and white, they nonetheless show the dramatic changes in Yellowstone over the decades. Most show an expansion of conifers into meadows, among other changes.

Though agreeing that there have been significant changes to Yellowstone's vegetation. Houston reinterprets the evidence based on his elk counts. He argues that elk are less to blame for these changes than humans are - - fire suppression, in particular, can account for these facts.

This claim is particularly important in light of wolf reintroduction in 1995. Many biologists claim to find significant, rapid changes in aspen, willow and riparian habitats since 1995, which they attribute to changes in elk behavior as a result of wolf predation. Houston's analysis suggests that we should slow down and be sure to consider other possible explanations for the changes that biologists have observed. Thus, although this book has become somewhat dated, its topic remains relevant - - and it is still an essential source if you're interested in the topic (and why else would you be reading this??).

But be sure to consult Frederic Wagner's recent, thorough rebuttal to Houston. It is poorly presented but makes a persuasive case that there are too many elk.

The Park Guell was originally a real estate development in 1900s Barcelona. It was commissioned to the famous Catalonian architect, Antoni Gaudi, by Eusebi Guell. After they died, the park was reopened as a city park. The book explores the heavenly park built in "the manner of angels" by Gaudi.

The title of Murie's book is far too restrictive to represent the full range of its contents. While the longest single chapter of the book is, indeed, devoted to the habits and ranges of wolves, including their interrelationships with other species inhabiting the huge national park surrounding Mt. McKinley (or Denali, as it is more popularly known in Alaska), other chapters deal with many other animals native to the region. Among those studied rather intensively are Dall sheep, caribou, moose and fox. Two rather brief chapters give sketches of grizzly bear and golden eagle as well. A more inclusive title for this study might have been "The Fauna of Mount McKinley."

First published in 1944, this book is a record of observations made by an astute naturalist bent upon discovering how the animals live, what they eat, where they range, when they give birth, and, most importantly, how they feed upon one another to maintain a healthy and natural population balance. Not a few myths about prey and predator are dispelled by Murie's objective observations, which include examining the contents of scats and stomachs.

Murie does not preach environmentalism, but a careful reading of this book should leave the reader with new insights into the natural world and may make him or her just a little more hesitant to intrude destructively into what is actually a highly complex interrelationship among many species inhabiting the few wild spaces left to them. Murie's approach to his study is highly objective and non-judgmental, however, and another reader could probably come away with insights different from mine. Still, I can scarcely conceive of any reader's coming away from this book with no new insight of some sort!

If one is particularly intrigued by the great grizzly bear, I recommend that he also read Murie's work entitled "The Grizzlies of Mount McKinley," for it goes into far more detail than does the single chapter on grizzlies in this book. Before investing the purchase price and the reading time in either book, do understand that these are not "story books" and that they are in no way sentimental or emotive approaches to their subjects. They are highly descriptive, scantily illustrated with old black and white photos from the early 1940's, and, at times, recite fairly dry statistical observations. Overall, however, they are well worth the investment by anyone who has an interest in the wild creatures that still inhabit the less-traveled areas of North America.

The author tags along on a couple of scientific studies and reports what actually goes on. Very entertaining and enlightening but the theory that proved most promising is discounted in a similar study so we still don't have the answer to why the lions are maneless. But, that's nature...

"Ghosts of Tsavo" is part travelogue, part natural history, part murder mystery, and part mid-life crisis for its author Philip Caputo. What it is as a whole is a fascinating, engaging look at the lions of Tsavo Park in Kenya. Caputo first became interested in these unusual lions as a result of a visit to the Field Museum in Chicago as a young boy. Therein were "Ghost" and "Darkness" two enormous males lions that terrorized constructions workers building a rail line through Tsavo. In fact terrorized may be too weak a word as they are credited with killing at least 120 people and literarily halting construction until they were eventually hunted down and killed by British Lt. Col. Patterson who was heading up the project. He recounted this effort in his famous memoir "The Man Eaters of Tsavo" and kindled a fascination with Kenya's lions that lingered with Caputo for half a century.

What sets the lions of Tsavo apart from the more familiar ones we know from nature documentaries, is that they are much bigger, and the males are either maneless of have very short manes, in either case nothing like the regal mountains of fur on their cousins from the Serengeti. In the first half of the book, Caputo explores reasons as to why this might by the case. It is possible that since Tsavo is much warmer than the Serengeti, manes are too expensive in terms of internal resources to grow. Another possibility is that the thick scrub brush and thorns of the region wear down manes before they ever become truly impressive.

However, it is a more controversial theory that makes for the most entertaining reading. Caputo encounters several scientists who argue that the lions of Tsavo are genetically distinct from the lions on the Serengeti. Moreover, they argue that the lions of Tsavo are in fact a throw back to prehistoric lions, quite literally walking fossils. The point to the lack of manes, the much larger height and girth and the fact that Tsavo lions hunt the enormous Cape Buffalo as justifications for this thesis.

Ultimately, Caputo, in three journeys to Kenya over the course of eighteen months (once as a tourist and twice with scientific expeditions) is never able to definitively state which hypothesis is correct. However, that in no way detracts from his rambling, conversational narrative. Caputo is not a scientist, and he in no way pretends to be one, although he does (and justifiably so) consider himself a well-informed observer. As such, he is not constrained by the rigors of academia, and can therefore transfer his passion for these lions and the mystery surrounding them onto the page. In fact, towards the end he grows weary of the scientific studies as they somehow detract from the powerful aura that surrounds the lions.

If you are interested in lions in general, or if the prospect of some spine-tingling tales of man-eating lions sounds appealing, "Ghost of Tsavo" is well worth reading. However, beyond the surface elements, Caputo has written a book that captures the raw spirituality of nature, and that bemoans modern man's detachment from the primitive. So it is entirely likely that even if you have no interest in lions at all, you may be drawn to Caputo's lament for something we don't even realize we have lost. Either way, "Ghost's of Tsavo" is well worth reading.

Jake Mohlman

Philip Caputo's Ghosts Of Tsavo: Stalking The Mystery Lions Of East Africa blends travelogue with nature in telling of the author's journey to Kenya's Tsavo National Park on foot with his guides, then in companionship with two scientists who seek close encounters with the big cats. Are the maneless lions found in Tsavo a subspecies of African lion, and a missing link? These lions are especially fierce, and the blend of science and adventure here makes for a riveting read.

Caputo is pulitzer winner. As such, I expected much more from his book. He seems to pose a basic question, "Are the lions in Tsavo genetically different?" He spends a great deal of time interviewing scientists about this point. He arranges funding for a study to be done. He goes to Africa, to Tsavo with some scientists. Where, according to his own account, he tells them that he doesn't want to know! He doesn't want science to de-mystify his world view.

In the end, he never really gets an answer. He also, seems to find it curious that lions should be man eaters. While in Africa, he is constantly asking professional hunters, long time residents and scientist to explain how this could be. Sorry, I don't understand why the question even has to be asked.

In the end, the book left me frustrated.

"Tsavo" means "place of slaughter" - the lions there are abnormally large, have maneless males, and are historically known as man-eaters. In 1898 two rogue lions terrorized a railway construction project; these lions were called "Ghost" and "Darkness" and inspired a 1996 film about this event. The Tsavo district is in south Kenya adjacent to Tanzania. This pair of lions would sneak into the construction camp at night, snatch up men from their tents and consume them within hearing distance. The engineer in charge, Lt. Col. John Henry Patterson, was an experienced tiger hunter but was often outwitted by these beasts. The contract laborers from India came to regard them as body-snatching demons. Eventually Patterson shot one lion from a platform. He trailed the second after wounding it (pp.7-8). A century later another man-eating lion appeared (pp.9-21). Note how this implies another form of colonial oppression: the people cannot keep and bear arms. A dozen 12 gauge shotguns could eliminate these wild beasts.

There are other beasts preying on Kenya today (p.33). Muggings, murders, and carjackings are so common that tourism is declining. This is matched by other sub-Sahara African countries. White colonials are safe in their fortresses, like medieval aristocracy (p.34). Tsavo lions are genetically different from common lions. They may be descended from maneless cave lions of the Pleistocene period. Their massive size matches their prey: the large, strong Cape buffalo (p.44). Theory says a crippling wound causes a lion to turn man-eater; the other reason is a loss of natural prey due to disease or over-hunting (p.46). Or they were taught from preying on abandoned bodies! Most man-eaters killed were in good or fair condition (p.47). Page 47 tells how a lion was killed with a knife!

Much of the fossil evidence of early human evolution comes from the bones left by large feline predators. It still happens to bicycle riders and drinkers at pubs (p.132). Predators look for a sign of weakness or injury. Page 256 tells how to hunt a lion. Find a carcass, then track the lion to where it was sleeping. Kill it before it awakes. Males with large, dark manes are preferred by females (p.251). Two myths about man-eaters are disproved on page 266. Man-eaters are not old or injured, or can't catch "normal" prey. Primates, like humans, are the normal prey of big cats for thousands of years. 7,000 people were killed in India by tigers in the mid-1920s. 1,500 humans were killed in southern Tanzania between 1932 and 1947 (p.267). Lions use their strong jaws and powerful limbs to kill. They pull an animal down and break its neck or clamp down on its muzzle to suffocate it (p.268). An area free of wild prey can create man-eating lions, particularly if the colonial rulers ban firearms to the people. Burial practices left dead bodies above ground, which attracted predators and trained them as man-eaters. Epidemics and famine added to the human food supply (p.292).

This will look great on your coffee table but dont expect to see a complete treatment of the subject. Too much coverage on "traditional" buildings such as Disney offices and resort hotels. Not enough coverage of the attractions and the parks themselves. Rather than cover the facinating topic of Disney architecture and the role it plays in guests experiences, the author dwells on their favorite architects.

All I can say is that this one is an absolute great book for all the people who are interested in Disney-Architecture. I have read this one for several times now an I always find new facts when I read it again! Highly recommended!

Outlining the brains and bases behind the fantastic institution of Disney architecture, "Building a Dream" covers all of the basics, giving credit to the creative geniuses behind the mythical Disney charm. Providing the delightfully exaggerated imagery that we have come to love in full color (when applicable), "Building a Dream" shall remain the true enthusiasts' God-book for quite a while. From the Swan and Dolphin to the Sleeping Beauty castle, this book has what you need.

I thought that the authors focus on non-park buildings was a refreshing break from other books. The ability to design the ideas of Walt Disney into the buildings used by the company itself, not just the guests, is a very interesting topic often overlooked by other authors. The architecture found in the parks is also facinating but I feel that this book focuses on the more overlooked buildings. I found the authors views on these buildings interesting and well thought out. The photographs are very impressive and often are of areas that the average guest would not be able to access. Overall, I think that anyone interested in understanding Disney as a company and how they have worked the 'Magic' into every aspect of these buildings will enjoy this book.

This book is about Michael Eisner's patronage of big namearchitects 1985-1995. There's lots about Michael Graves, RobertA. M. Stern, Gehry, Gwathmey and that ilk. If you think this slaphappy stuff is architecture, this is a fine book about it. As an architect for Disney 1975-1983, I have a huge admiration for, say, Bill Martin, Dave Ott and Glenn Durflinger's Cinderella Castle at Walt Disney World. You won't find much about that kind of Disney architecture in this book. Ms. Dunlop is the architecture critic for the Miami Herald and based on her acknowledgements, she didn't talk to anyone who actually knew anything about Disney architecture. There are a few pages on Disneyland and even Kem Weber's utopian design for the Disney Studio (1939), but Dunlop gets all breathless only about the Venturi inspired junk that Eisner pays top dollar for these days. Even the great work they are doing today, such as Indiana Jones or the Twilight Zone hotel aren't treated with any interest. It's just sad that one of the few books on the subject was written by someone who doesn't appreciate it.

too small to fully enjoy the pix, poor quality prints.

This wee little book (4 inch by 4 inch format) dispels the notion that the work of Ansel Adams can only be appreciated in a coffee table book. Organized into 10 sections by location (Zion National Park, Yellowstone, etc.) and peoples (Native Americans and Their Lands), it shows Adams's work out west in our great national places like Grand Canyon and the Boulder Dam. The great appeal of this little book is that these fabulous black and white images retain their beauty and mystery even though reduced in size. I can, and I have, carried it with me throughout the house, or on a walk with the dog, or have thumbed through it while sipping a cup of coffee. It is well worn and well loved. And now I am going to order one for my cousin who will move out to Montana with her new husband.

Anyone who doesn't know a lot about Ansel Adams but is interested in learning more about his work will appreciate and enjoy this cleverly organized pictorial. Structured by national parks, the reader will see many wonderful pictures, some classics, that will surely create a better impression as to what type of pictures Adams takes. A great gift book as well.

The plot was interesting with plenty of twists and turns but it was useless without clear humor presented in the dialogue or insight. Unlike other chick lit/Park Avenue lit, there were no exaggerations (except to portray the wealth people have), no sarcastic views of things, no, well, no nothing. Honestly, it was sad to see such a good plot go to waste when clearly there were instances where the reader could have laughed out loud if the authors put a bit of work on it. Great writing, wonderful plot, gone to waste.

I guess as a brainless way to kill some time, it was OK. Not anywhere close to great, and the plot was basically nonexistent. The book just kind of meanders around aimlessly, then ends with a thud. The characters are all very plastic, although they could have been more if the authors had put more effort in. Solid concepts with bad execution. Basically a romance novel without the graphic sex which is fine, I guess, but not memorable or worthwhile.

It just wasn't that good. I finished it just to be done. There were tooooo many characters, so none really ended up with any depth.

It's a tired cliche about a lower-class woman from Florida being shunned because she wasn't of right background, upper-class adultery, one of them involving a Mexican housekeeper turned mistress of a very prominent man whose life with his proper wife has been of boredom, yadda, yadda. A "gay" man gets murdered in the "wrong part" of town.

This book has loads of cliches of the upper class. It wasn't well-written. I recommend Plum's book, Bergdorf Blondes or The Nanny Diaries. At least those books aren't boring.

I thought the book was really good. It was a little different. You were told the story from many different people so you were able to see how they really felt. Definitely interesting and it had a great ending.

Having grown up in Hawaii, I found the sense of place communicated by the author to be very credible and fun to remember. Hawaii as a real place with real, complex people and cultures, and real boring jobs and crummy housing. I also like remembering the UH and the culture of the 70s.

The main character is sure flaky but pretty honest about her flakyness. Without that naivety Sharon would have settled long ago, and the rich and weird story of her life would have been much shorter and less fun to observe. I didn't love the character, she would have driven me nuts as a friend, but I loved the characterization, sense of place and guide to religious and spiritual issues, in a non proselytizing way.

Great fiction, these characters seemed real and three dimensional to me, which is a mark of a well told story, in my opinion.

Best novel I've read in a long time. The author does the impossible: portrays a young, confused, naive, even silly character without judging her in the least. As a result, I feel compassion for her instead of ridicule. When I laugh at things she says (Jesus "still lives with his father"), I'm partly laughing at my own young, deluded self. It's a characterization that is generous to both the character and the reader. I love this book.

Luckily I did not buy this book. Putting the unlikable main character, Sharon aside, nothing else redeemed the novel. Her religious journey seemed superficial and empty simply following her whims. In the end when she has found her "purpose" with Mikhail it seems they don't even know each other. They spend their days working to make ends meet and never hold any meaningful moments (perhaps outside of the book?) What exactly made that the moment she stopped looking? If we caught up with her in 2 years perhaps she would be a member of the Church of Latter Day Saints. Don't waste your time..Sharon will make your stomach turn.

Granted the protagonist in this novel may not be the most likeable personality, but it seems as if many of the reviewers have allowed their dislike for Ms. Spiegelman to cloud their judgment.

Fortunately, somebody got it right; the message of the book "...is about finding yourself and not letting anybody stop you." Furthermore, several reviewers' claims that the main character does not change at all throughout her spiritual quest, is also incorrect. For, in the final scene, when Sharon runs into Gary at the Oldies' Night, she says: "I realized I didn't need to go on looking anymore...So I've decided to be a receptor. I've decided to be more of a listener, and a sounding board..."
Would that we all could say the same thing!

Overall,, I found Goodman's writing to be superb, and her character develop outstanding. I dare say she is one of the best female Jewish writers alive today.

The main character of Paradise Park was Sharon, a folk dancing hippy who follows her boyfriend to Hawaii. When she is abandoned on the island with nothing, instead of going home and starting a new and better life and reconsiling with her family, she stays in Hawaii to wander. At times the reader is drawn to her, feeling sorry for her and her situations. However, she is extremely self-absorbed and cannot stop whining about her situation. I believe that this character was supposed to be like that, and was written very detailed by Allegra Goodman, in a poetic and thought-out manner. This woman is going on a journey to find God and religion, but NOTHING ends up working for her, fulfilling her. Finally she finds Judaism, but even that isn't good enough for her. In the end she still critisizes the religion. People tell her that she hasn't changed, and she hasn't, but she doesn't see it that way.
However, the overall message in this book is excellent. It is about finding yourself and not letting anybody stop you. She went through many things, which were essentially the same situations with different names and places, but in the end, she found what made her happy.

Rachel Cusk writes very well. Her prose is poetic, flowing, witty and lyrical. Her latest novel, Arlington Park, is a cynical analysis of domestic life and how small seemingly mundane things signify larger issues at hand. One example is how Solly, a housewife in suburban England, feels particularly oppressed by her husband surname:

[quote]
'Solly Curly?' she said.
'Kerr-Leigh', Solly automatically amended.
It had required a certain bravado, all those years before, to insist
that her name be hyphenated with Martin's rather than replaced by it.
That was what she thought marriage should be: a state of hyphenation.
Yet most of the people they knew pronounced it as the woman had just
done, as one word with the emphasis on the first syllable. That syllable
was Martin's: it seemed a particularly insidious form of discrimination. [end quote]

Since each chapter is narrated from a different character's perspective Arlington Park reads very much like a collection of short stories, loosely strung together by themes of domestic oppression, self-denial, marital boredom and a general sense of resignation. Juliet feels 'murdered' by her husband, Amanda is irritated by her children, Maisie feels imprisoned by her life... the list goes on.

Although Rachel Cusk is a formidable wordsmith, the storyline is at times bogged down by the sheer load of lyrical detail. As a reader, you wish for some progression, some events to sweep down and propel the story along. Perhaps this overriding sense of 'stagnation' is precisely what the author is trying to achieve.

At the end of the day, Arlington Park is a well-written if not entirely satisfying read. However, if you're easily seduced by great prose give this one a try.

Is difficult to find an author as Rachel Cusk. She writes about motherhood and the little and daily things of life with a kind of humour acid, dark, smart. The women of AP are ordinary and that is, for me, the big surprise of this book: how it reflects lirically and brilliantly and honestly the ying and yang of being a woman. You could think is depressing or whatever, and you could also think Rachel Cusk is like a friend tha understood that big thing you couldnt express in words. She could.

I really, really did not like this book. The characters were miserable, unhappy, uninteresting women. I got to where I couldn't stand them. To top it off the writer's overuse of simile and metaphore in her "atmospheric" descriptions finally just wore me out. I loved some of her earlier books, but this was just one huge disappointment - couldn't even finish it.

"Arlington Park" is basically "Becoming a Mother" as fiction. The dangerous and difficult aspects of motherhood are here in all their grittiness. When Cusk writes about the time in a woman's life just before she gives birth: "It was how she sometimes thought it might be to approach death. Everything grew very slightly remote: the fit of life loosened, as though it were a skin preparing itself to be shed" Those of us who have been there know exactly what she means. Cusk is introspective and honest about motherhood and family life. An excellent read for anyone who can and wishes to think critically about marriage and family life.

One of a few books I could not finish. There is no solid plot; a lot of detailed descriptions of scenes where not a whole lot is happening. The characters are all pretty pathetic and their anguish was contrived... I couldn't tell where the writer was going, and frankly, I didn't care after a while.

Too many books to read and not enough time. Kicking myself for buying this book at a store without reading reviews people have posted first. Waste of a couple of days.

I'm giving Challenger Park two stars because the writing is good, but the story is bad. There is no real plot, and nothing happens until 3/4 of the way in. The last paragraph, however, is the best of the entire book - not because it solves any plot(less) issues, but because it's just a nice slice of writing. So read the last paragraph at your library and don't bother with the rest of the book.

When the New York Times Book Review talks about "emotional precision" and "the exactitude of its prose", I don't expect to be unimpressed, but this book has little suspense and no emotional content. The "affair" is unexciting and anticlimactic and the ending is abrupt and unsatisfying. I never truly cared about the main characters, nor could I relate to Lucy, perhaps because her point of view was being explored by a man in a bold but unsuccessful effort.

although well-written, this book is pretty boring and monotonous. I understand Lucy is an astronaut who has a burning desire to go to space, just like all the other astronauts but she is also tied to her children. This is not enough of a draw for me. I didn't care much about the kids or her unhappy husband or the people in the NASA program. It is a fairly long book and just not worth it because those who are interested in space will be disappointed in the amount of time spent on Lucy's personal relationships and those interested in the breakdown of a marriage will find the space part boring plus the breakdown itself not that interesting.

I came to this book as someone very interested in the space program, and generally not someone that reads novels focusing on characters in relationships. I found the novel a worthwhile read. I suspect that not everyone will like it, and it will depend a lot upon personal taste - but it kept me engaged, even if personally a little frustrated by the ending.

Harrigan has a very understated, unhurried writing style that I enjoyed. Not similar to, but clever in the same way as, the writings of Gabriel García Márquez and Thomas Mallon. The novel's premise - an affair set against the backdrop of the space program - could (and probably has) been horribly done in the wrong hands. But this isn't a romance-novel-genre book. Harrigan slowly builds his story carefully and deliberately, with a subtle and elegant interweaving of the space program and personal relationships. Both plot elements drive each other without doing so too obviously. I suspect it may be too slow and nuanced for some people's tastes, but it kept me engaged and interested in reading new chapters every night.

Not being a NASA insider, it's hard for me to truly know how accurate this book is, but there seems to be an effort by Harrigan to truly reflect the lives lived by families working in Houston (both of astronauts and their co-workers), and it comes across as realistic. It vividly depicts how, while us non-astronauts probably imagine a spaceflight to be the defining moment of a life with the rest of life flowing up to and after it, life isn't lived that way: instead, a spaceflight finds a peculiar place in the middle of all-too-human demands of work, family and personal details. This book shows not only what a surreal job it must be to be an occasional spacefarer, but also the realities of spaceflight - the physical toll, the occasional boredom and isolation - it felt like a very real depiction of events that can often be overglamorized by others. It was interesting to compare to the works of Michael Cassutt, who with thrillers like "Missing Man" has used the same backdrop to very different effect.

My only real negative - and this was a personal perception - was that, having built up the story over 350 pages to a place where I was eager to see what happens, Harrigan wraps up the major plot points in 2-3 pages. That was in fact all he truly needed, and to stretch it out more may have been belaboring - yet it seemed like a rather sudden end. This may even be a hidden positive - he had me invested enough in the story that I wanted more, a longer resolution. But I was not frustrated enough to be annoyed to have read it, and in fact must respect Harrigan for taking the less predictable path, and ending the book in a way that most readers may not expect, but probably makes for a more original novel.

If you are a space fan like me, the cover of this book caught your eye. The title, the astronaut in the launch and entry suit, this book was bound to be great. But as the saying goes, "never judge a book..."
Sad to say "Challenger Park" never quite lives up to expectations. The reader is not treated to a believable view of the life of an astronaut. Which is disappointing considering that the author has done considerable research and spoken with actual astronauts. Indeed the reader will find those factual nuggets that suggest the author was privy to insider information. There's just not enough here in this book. I imagine space travel and the events leading up to it to be exciting enough without the need to wrap a rookie astronauts first flight around an illicit romance.