Practitioners Books
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Practical guide for reducing practical problems.Review Date: 2007-08-05
The Best Guide to Understanding SSMReview Date: 2007-05-20
Five star lifetime achievement awardReview Date: 2007-03-26
The book falls into two parts. The first one is conceptual and explains SSM in three passes (first a 5-page preamble for very busy people, then a skeleton version - about 20 pages long - followed by a more fleshed-out account). The second part is devoted to practical case studies, with one chapter focusing on management situations and another one on problematic situations in the field of information systems. Then there is a section on SSM "misunderstandings and craft skills". The final few pages once more sum up the basic principles behind the approach. Five short appendices contain optional material on the theory, concepts and history.
Soft systems methodology is an enormously useful contribution to the field of systemic problem solving. It combines conceptual rigour with an enormous flexibility in application to real-world problematical situations. In its zen-like purity, simplicity and modesty it is almost aesthetic. The subtlety of SSM is reflected by its vocabulary. In SSM we don't refer to "problems" but to "problematical situations"; we don't talk about "organisations" but about "human activity systems", not about "consensus" but about "accomodation". All these differences are vitally important in steering away from a hard systems approach that objectifies the process of enquiry and the problem under study.
So, SSM may be simple but it certainly isn't simplistic: applying SSM demands a very skilled and centered problem solver or facilitator. With the development of SSM, Checkland was one of the pioneers in creating problem-solving strategies that are more nimble, more adaptive, more local, and more socially robust than the heavy-handed, technical apparatus of erstwhile decision-making experts. Today this ethos of "learning for action" is taken further in the explosive development of action learning approaches worldwide.
I think this short, definitive account is a very welcome addition to the SSM literature and a good reference point for anyone - both beginners and more advanced professionals - wanting to learn more about the approach. However, I have one or two reservations about the book. In their discussion of craft skills, Checkland and Poulter focus on the application of the methodology. In my practical experience there is also a lot of craft skills involved in convincing potential clients to adopt the methodology. Indeed, "SSM" may not be the most helpful label to denote the approach. Many people instinctively shy away from the notion of "systems" - they think it has something to do with computers - or they assume that a "soft" methodology will hardly be capable of dealing with their "hard" problems. So some practical advice about how to build confidence in the approach with people that have not been initiated to it would be helpful.
Another skills issue which is overlooked in this book concerns working across the boundaries of a given organisation. Working with a dispersed set of actors brings its own challenges, such as lacking problem ownership and potentially much more outspoken tensions between interests and worldviews. I would love to have some practical advice on this aspect.
My second reservation concerns a conceptual point that lies at the heart of the methodology. SSM users create an organised process of enquiry and learning by making models of purposeful activity. Ironically, Checkland is very ideological about a non-ideological point, namely that these models should reflect a single, "pure" worldview, not some kind of consensus model everybody assumes to be a part of the real world. SSM-based activity models are conceptual devices to ask good questions about the real-world situation and nothing else. As these models only reflect one way of looking at reality and one is invariably working in the tectonic zone of non-overlapping (and potentially conflicting) worldviews, one usually doesn't stop with developing one single activity model: one builds several models, each of them grafted on a particular worldview. This underlines the relative nature of each of these constructs and expands the basis for asking relevant questions.
However, in practical situations it may not always be so easy or even desirable to go beyond a single model. For example, in dealing with complexity people are prone to premature cognitive lock-in: they cling to the first speck of structure they see emerging from the chaos and are unwilling to go beyond and reaffirm the multiplicity by developing several activity models side by side. As a practitioner you may well be facing a problem solving team that would rather embrace a quasi-consensus than to keep several activity models in suspension. So I sometimes wonder whether the accomodation can also happen at a another point. If, for whatever reason, there is no basis to go beyond a single activity model, is it then possible to build a kind of consensus model in which there is a specific module dedicated to dealing with the tensions between different worldviews? The multiplicity remains, but is absorbed by the model itself. Checkland doesn't entertain this option and I doubt that he has any sympathy for it. (It is, on the other hand, an approach that is defended by Brian Wilson, another very prominent practitioner of the methodology whose contribution to its development is nowhere acknowledged in Checkland's definitive account).
A final, but minor point, is the fact that none of the section headings in the book is numbered. This makes navigating this slim volume unnecessarily complicated.
Despite these few reservations there is no doubt that this book deserves five stars for "lifetime achievement". Thank you, Mr. Checkland.
Apposite TitleReview Date: 2006-10-06
Checkland uses simple language to introduce and then elaborate SSM in relative detail, provides examples of its use in various contexts, and finally, provides some discussion with a view to creating insight - including correcting errors in the secondary literature. References to earlier work on SSM in its maturation are well documented. The title of the book is apposite.
It's a book I have permanently by my side at the moment, referring to it every so often as I start to use SSM, especially where other approaches provide little, no or poor insight.
There are, however, several issues which perhaps Checkland may care to clarify in future editions.
Firstly, Checkland talks about the reality of different worldviews which sits at the heart of SSM. I don't think the book clearly shows how multiple worldviews related to the one given problematical situation are addressed. Yes, Checkland talks about accommodation in some detail, but, none of his examples actually show - they only imply - how accommodation is addressed in practical terms - that would be useful.
The difference between issue-based and primary-task initiatives need to be spelled out explicitly by example. Yes, you can work it out, but, there are sufficient subtleties in SSM to make it better for Checkland to do so.
Finally, Checkland clearly comes across as the master of SSM. He has internalized it totally. I don't think he places enough emphasis on the change in mindset required by others to use SSM properly. This is especially highlighted in the chapter - "SSM - Misunderstandings and Craft Skills". Checkland talks about subtlety, changes of mindset, etc, but subsequently seems to ignore his own observations on why the secondary literature is full of errors. I can see from my own experience, that I would have fallen into the same traps as those whom he criticises. Perhaps SSM is more subtle than Checkland realises. He is not sufficiently arms-length to appreciate it. I guess, however, that the chapter is important to ensure that such errors are immediately corrected, ensuring SSM is placed in its proper context.
Overall, a very useful book.

I'm a better pediatrician because of this book.Review Date: 2006-09-25
Very useful reference work, even for non-peds and non-cardsReview Date: 2002-11-20
medical practitioner can diagnose alsmost any known
cardiac anomaly in a child.
Having a scientific but no medical background myself,
I found it very readable. Some knowledge of cardiac
anatomy and electrocardiography are a prerequisite.
What is especially good is Prof. Parks comprehensive
approach to the diagnosis: all posible pathologies are
listed and when a particular observation
is possible in normal patients, he doesn't forget to point
this out too.
I have only read the 2nd edition of the book (1988), so
I cannot vouch whether the latest (4th) is up to date
on recent advances in the field, be it in pacemaking
capabilities or teratogenic discoveries.
THE Cards book for residents (and rotating MS4's)Review Date: 2004-11-11
Pediatric Cardiology made simple and understandableReview Date: 2000-04-21

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Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Certification Review Guide / Editors, Virginia Layng Millonig, Caryl E. Mobley ; Contributing AuthoReview Date: 2007-07-16
Best PNP review book available Review Date: 2007-09-18
Excellent resourceReview Date: 2007-01-04
Best NP Review for ExamReview Date: 2007-05-12
Excellent review guide.

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Primary Care: The Art and Science of Advanced Practice Nursing byReview Date: 2008-07-09
reliable sellerReview Date: 2008-02-24
Primary Care: The Art and Science of Advanced Practice NursingReview Date: 2007-11-02
Great for multiple reasonsReview Date: 2002-07-05

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Excellent as a student guide tooReview Date: 2007-08-13
Reasoned voice of years of practical experienceReview Date: 2004-09-10
Best book in the field for 20 years. For every reason.Review Date: 2007-07-23
A must have for all cliniciansReview Date: 2007-02-06
ones that offers clinicians of dynamic therapies a hands on guide to continue professional learning.

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Self Parenting PurchaseReview Date: 2007-09-25
Where I Found My Happy Childhood.Review Date: 1998-08-19
Self-Parenting; A How To: BookReview Date: 2005-08-27
Finding the Inner ParentReview Date: 2005-01-29
Now, however, I am a school psychologist, dealing with many kids in trouble, often because of a lack of parenting, either through divorce, death, abandonment, or simply a decision made by a woman to have a child with no father. I now utilize this excellent book in therapy to help kids find their inner parent, which many of them have internalized despite a lack of decent role modeling. The exercises in this book are at least equally helpful for kids needing to find their inner parent as it is for parents needing to find their inner child. This great book becomes more and more relevant as time goes on. Dr. Pollard, you have given this world a great legacy with this timeless book.
Chuck Wintner

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Lindy Fortner- 2nd grade teacherReview Date: 2007-03-31
Kindergarten TeacherReview Date: 2007-03-29
Bad Boys, Silent girls, Looking at children and power in sharing timeReview Date: 2006-08-18
I think, as a teacher of 23 years most in CA, it is very often forgotten that we teachers can discourse together around our work as "mini-researchers" with the idea of examination of our teaching under various lenses. At present, test based NCLB driven work demands teachers focus on "standards". These are specific learning goals for which we use assessments to target instruction and then use strategies to bring students to "proficiency" or mastery of the standard. So there is a kind of assessment(skills) driven reflection going on now, exclusively really... (in our work that might sound like... algebraic functions, what's happening in comprehension tests, literary analysis, written strategies as defined within the state testing mechanism )...and we are driven out of these skills because this is essentially in API and APY punished, published and used to determine our school and teacher effectiveness. Big stakes ride just on the scores. Beyond that, students will in time be judged as able to go on to higher level learning opportunity entirely as a function of their capacity to manipulate these kinds of tests.
That's the way it is under NCLB. Maybe you feel that is "good", maybe neither good nor bad. If you are a teacher it doesn't matter what you think, it is not solicited, listened to or even really at present considered, especially if you teach in areas of need. You are legislated into this format by those not yet able, really to show it works for all children and especially those who it said it would help. If it isn't addressing the achievement gap, it isn't working, that's the crux of the issue. That was the ONLY reason NCLB went into place. Never kid yourself about that. The research or data analysis in schools is, on some level done, usually without great sophistication, touted to "inform instruction" and set up seeing who we need to address. Far less effectively we fumble to some extent with how we need to address those who are not succeeding on our measures with pretty rigid Direct Instruction being pushed in areas of greatest need which means....workbooks, scripts and a kind of death of literature and creativity. That's now articulated as the "achievement gap" soulution, in my school that's for a whole population. Overall it appears those that we were supposed to reach with the NCLB reforms in the first place continue to do poorly.And the upper end is flying higher than ever say down the road in Thousand Oaks. A part of that is because analysis of tests doesn't drive/bridge to good teaching innovations at present for issues of poverty, and second language.It's just funded those with rigid practice and consultation to sell.
This book , and I apologize for the lengthy lead in, is a teacher researcher who was looking at gender, power and identity in a primary classroom a few years ago, as they affect equity and access to learning. In CA, in an under performing school , this text is not dialog-ed in current models we are using.Good Lord no. It would not be one I could take tomorrow and discuss at my school in any fashion. I'd be cut off in planning meetings.(And that's foolish indeed on their part.) We are only "fully implementing our reading series" or basically teaching to tests-that's the focus and that level of lack of sophistication in the work as I was discussing prior means the connection to this books' content would be too difficult for the group to grasp. But there is another level here..Gallas helps you look in another way at what you do.. When I read this book several years ago its potential to assist me in working with students in achieving was a bit more of the puzzle I wanted to find. I'm a performer teacher, motivating, a person often in a Carl Rodgers kind of way, setting up an environment to allow learning to blossom, constructing meanings and I need to study and learn what's going on in that domain. When I read her descriptions of watching "sharing"-that time students gathered and brought something or told something to their peers,I was looking at the dominance issues, how ideas were shared, ways or types of sharing that emerged within the children...I began to relate to my own experiences in the social dynamic and in turn look at the learning both of curricular content and something years ago we called the "hidden curriculum". Gallas is supremely good observationally, her accounts of a type of Silence used both as a power tool by certain children and as a method of responding in the social setting really keenly resonated with my work. Additionally the "bad boy" was well described, and of course made me nod affirmatively talking of their tendencies. And so powerful with peers. Chapter 7 is entitled, "Your Mother Squeezes Your Brains Out Your Ears" just about a little "scary talk" one student is using on another. She has looked in depth at the kinds of equity, power issues in real life work, what it sounds and looks like, and used her intellect to bring forward what this social structure both teaches and is about.
Using the book I began to write during sharing time for five years observing all the students said, categorizing what kinds of relating I was seeing, looking at what students shared, in my case in an area with vast language differences due to immigration and socio-economic factors, I began to look at the students from a different lens. And in using the book as a starting place I noted and followed meaning making with a particular interest in trying to see what it told me not only of my students, but the culture of my room. When I used her book I saw my work and role differently. It was a book with great applicability into my 1st grades. This last year my state data was phenomenal, all Proficient or Advanced, yeah to me, to them. It might disarm my school to know that I did a very significant amount of that work seeking to find ways to empower each student both as social beings and learners. At years start I saw, for instance, a significant"silent group", non sharers or students that held up something without language. And I saw certain students who were story tellers or children I call the shockers...something shocking to relate, those that use teasing/flirtation/beauty...just a great many things. Since I had third(usually teach 1st) I articulated what I was doing to the students, why, what I saw, why I felt we should look at it. By years end I had students saying they were proud of one autistic child who "grew up a whole lot and told us stories that really showed he was coming out of his shell". Well I have data to beat the band about group think. And great talk about power(why does one child always get called on do you think?). Through this I felt they began to learn that we can relate in different frames, we can change patterns, see styles, try something else. I was mediating the experience(see Reuven Feurestein) more than Gallas but I certainly used her to help me approach this work. Sharing remains, as Fulgrum said in his famous " All I Ever Needed To Know I Learned In Kindergarten" , so absolutely important to students and the social politic. Its power and its place is for me laboratory-like in talking about our relating in the world, as human an activity as we do in school. I hope all teachers have an opportunity to read the book and to become reflective of what is going on within the room.
Finally, Teachers Are Talking!Review Date: 2000-12-18

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Fantastic, but found an errorReview Date: 2008-02-18
There is FREE software for calculating some of these intervals. See the index page http://www.public.iastate.edu/~wqmeeker/StInt/
My one disappointment about the book is that it omits some equations/algorithms for estimating some statistical intervals, offering instead graphs and tables. In these cases, if one wishes to extend or modify a result, one must either find the original source article or derive the missing equations/algorithms oneself, using the tables and graphs to check one's work.
Finally, note that for many intervals, use of results based on an assumption of normality (or other underlying distribution) will yield poorer estimates (less tight statistical bound estimates) than will the use of distribution-free methods. This is true even if one's data appears to be normally distributed and tests for non-normality do not reject the normality assumption.
-Stephen B. Cohen, Ph.D.
wonderful text specializing in various interval estimatesReview Date: 2000-06-12
In most introductory courses students are taught about statistical confidence intervals. However, there are many other types of statistical intervals that are appropriate for particular applications. Most students, particularly engineering students, only learn about confidence intervals and hence they apply them whenever they need a statistical interval. But often they are wrong because the problem really calls for a prediction interval or a tolerance interval. This circumstance is what motivated these authors to write this book.
The techniques are standard and are covered in other statistical texts. However, this is the only book with statistical intervals as its theme. It provides the methods and the context for using the various intervals and more importantly makes the distinctions that help the students overcome possible confusion. This is an excellent practical reference. Its many tables make it a great reference book. On many occasions I have needed Gaussian tolerance intervals or sometimes nonparametric tolerance intervals. I go to the tables in this book first. It also includes some discussion of bootstrap confidence intervals and other asymptotic approaches in Chapter 12 where Bayesian intervals are also introduced. Chapter 13 concentrates on 9 case studies and the appropriate intervals to be used in each case. Other practical issues such as determining the sample size requirements for precise statistical intervals are also discussed in various chapters.
specialized book on interval estimates, one of a kindReview Date: 2008-02-09
In most introductory courses students are taught about statistical confidence intervals. However, there are many other types of statistical intervals that are appropriate for particular applications. Most students, particularly engineering students, only learn about confidence intervals and hence they apply them whenever they need a statistical interval. But often they are wrong because the problem really calls for a prediction interval or a tolerance interval. This circumstance is what motivated these authors to write this book.
The techniques are standard and are covered in other statistical texts. However, this is the only book with statistical intervals as its theme. It provides the methods and the context for using the various intervals and more importantly makes the distinctions that help the students overcome possible confusion. This is an excellent practical reference. Its many tables make it a great reference book. On many occasions I have needed Gaussian tolerance intervals or sometimes nonparametric tolerance intervals. I go to the tables in this book first. It also includes some discussion of bootstrap confidence intervals and other asymptotic approaches in Chapter 12 where Bayesian intervals are also introduced. Chapter 13 concentrates on 9 case studies and the appropriate intervals to be used in each case. Other practical issues such as determining the sample size requirements for precise statistical intervals are also discussed in various chapters.
An essential referenceReview Date: 2004-06-09
The tables are getting dog-eared and gray from use, especially A-12 (factors for computing Normal distribution one-sided tolerance bounds), in testimony to the frequency I refer to them. The book also contains extensive graphics for estimating intervals and for determining sample sizes: these typically obviate any need to refer to tables or do the computations. There are some neat formulas, clearly described, that one can easily implement in a spreadsheet. These all appear in other texts and journal articles, but having them all in one place, well organized, makes them particularly worthwhile.
This is, indeed, a reference: a statistical "cookbook" if you will (intended in a positive sense, not perjoratively!). This means you will find little theoretical justification for any of the material. For each technique expect to find a clear definition, lucid descriptions, discussions of how to use any supporting formulas, graphs, or tables, all followed by a clear worked example. Of course there's an extensive bibliography if your theoretical curiosity is piqued.
One common technique you will not find (although it is mentioned and references provided) is computing statistical intervals for linear regression analysis. This subject, however, is covered well in other books (such as Draper and Smith's Applied Regression Analysis), so the omission does no harm and helps keep the book to a manageable 400 pages or so.
There are some obscure applications you will not find, in part because they were only under development at the time this book was written. For instance, there is a specialized (but widely applied) theory of "k best of m" prediction limits that is used in groundwater monitoring. For such specialized applications you will have to go elsewhere (such as Robert Gibbons' book on "Statistical Methods for Groundwater Monitoring"). Nevertheless, Hahn and Meeker do a very good job of covering the most widely used applications of statistical intervals.
I do not recollect ever finding a mathematical error or even a typographical error. Over the years I have also checked, and completely verified, the entries in several of the key tables. All in all, this book is remarkably clean and error free.
(This review is based on the 1991 edition; I do not know whether there have been further editions.)


Inspires You to be BoldReview Date: 2004-05-07
An Abundance of Riches -Review Date: 2004-05-01
Real Information for real TeachersReview Date: 2005-08-13
The information is easy to understand and includes step by step instructions.
This book has content that will help both the seasoned workshop leader and a beginner alike. It is worth the price of the book just to get the example of what a perfect flyer looks like and why each element of it works.
If you are looking for simple, easy to understand instructions on how to start teaching, please do yourself a HUGE favor and get this book,
Rebecca Marina, professional workshop leader.
Very useful AND very encouraging...inspires confidence.Review Date: 2004-05-13

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Not what I expected!!!!!!!!Review Date: 2006-07-25
Getting sent to THIS principal's office is an adventure!Review Date: 1999-06-25
A warm and humorous view of being a principal.Review Date: 1999-03-06
I couldn't put it down once I started reading this book !Review Date: 1999-06-21
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