Resources Books

As a Training Manager for a large wireless company I was charged with rolling out our online learning system. As you would expect, I and my company, did a good deal of research before we purchased our system. Michael Allen's book was very helpful in identifying the questions we needed to identify, as a company, before we took the step.

I highly recommend this book. Even though you will likely experience some frustration in your search for the most effective online learning system, his book will make the process less painful.

The book really focuses on the "how to" of developing and designing your online courses. It honestly lays out the pros and cons of online learning. You will find it helpful.

This book is a must have for the aspiring e-Learning developer. It reviews enough theory to make the point and directs the reader quickly through the logic and science of good e-Learning design.

This book takes e-learning to its core mandate, that of engaging and involving the learners, so that they learn the key skills and knowledge required.

An excellent and easy read, with lots of good examples and non-examples, nicely compared side by side.

Dr. Allen is a champion of learner-centric design - and has written a refreshingly reader-centric book about the topic. He understands that learning is an "internal, personal, and ultimately individual act." His words reveal his passions and opinions in such an authentic manner that you can quickly understand his perspective, and extract points of meaning that can directly apply to your work. As a producer and designer of interactive media, I continually find his insights an inspiration.

I purchased this book as I was beginning to design an eLearning curriculum for my company. The book was a great jumpstart to helping me structure the program, consider ways to involve the learners in eLearning, and remember to find ways to make the course material memorable. I found the accompanying online and CD-based demos to be good stimulators, too. Although I won't be using an authoring tool like the one Michael Allen invented, it was easy to take and apply several of Allen's ideas to my project.

This is a fantastic book. I have always felt a little inadequate as a writing teacher. I can write, but I don't know where to begin on the road to teaching children to write. This is a step-by-step plan and it is fantastic!

I have reviewed many books about how to teach children to write stories, and this one is by far the best! To begin with Mariconda is the only author I've read who distinguishes between character-problem-solution stories and what she calls "personal narratives." Personal narratives are more about an experience than a character, are usually heavily descriptive, and there is no "problem." The character-problem-solution mantra had always bothered me, because we all know that there are wonderful stories that are more "mood pieces" than solutions problems.
More importantly, the book consists of specific lessons on teaching the elements of story writing, in isolation. It can be done! Look at the Table of Contents to see exactly what is covered. These lessons are explained so well explained that you feel fully equipped to teach them, now!
Additionally, the author herself writes with "voice," unlike the usual dry, anonymous style of textbooks. When I leafed through the book and saw an entry that said something like, "getting students to elaborate with detail is the bane of most English teachers' existence," I bought it then and there. What we all need is to hear about teachers' experiences, not just "programs" that seem to spring from nowhere.
Lastly, her approach works! When this program was implemented at the school she taught at, the percentage of students passing the state writing assessment rose from 47% to 92% in four years. That is amazing! I am planning on using this book for my high school students as well as elementary and middle school!

I used this book to teach 3rd and 4th graders in Watts how to write. This book has lesson plans that teach step by step. All kids have wonderful ideas but sometimes do not know how to express these ideas on paper. This book shows you how to teach them. It was incredible to read the stories my students wrote after learning the techniques in this book! All my students became amazing authors! They were so proud of their stories and I was so proud of them! Thank you for writing this amazing book!

I have used this book with 3 schools in two states to help teachers teach writing and to help students prepare for state writing tests. This book shows you many simple ways to help kids understand narrative writing. The diamond graphic organizes the students's thinking and writing. The mini-lessons are great, and the test prep advice, the paced prompt, works. why should anyone take a test they aren't prepared for? the paced prompt shows the students how to organize their time and thougths, and the scores showed it. If you or your teachers are using Write Traits this will fit beautifully, but the book also stands alone. I've bought copies for all my teachers!

A book that, incredibly, lives up to its title! This is my 13th year of teaching elementary school and this book does what no other book has been able to do: it works! I found myself reading the entire thing in the teacher's store where I first found it. I suggested to my entire 3rd grade team that we implement it and they whole-heartedly agreed. If you want to teach kids to write narrative that A. makes sense, and B. is interesting, you cannot go wrong. Haven't you tried the formula of character, setting, problem, solution, one too many times and not been satisfied with the results? I know I have. This approach is much better, and shows you how to teach beginnings, elaboration, suspense (the best part), main event, resolution, and satisfying ending. The beauty is you teach it by parts using real literature examples, modeling, and then students practice. You will find yourself nodding your head as the author relates the same kinds of frustrations you have when reading elementary school writing and shows you how to change them. This book is the best I've ever seen to help you teach writing. There is no fluff and many great insights. Your students will write amazing stories and you'll never teach writing the same way again!

This is the most enlightening book I have read in years! As a Baby Boomer, I have been struggling with trying to understand the younger folks I have working for me. Even some of my younger managers leave me scratching my head wondering if everyone has gone insane! Now I get it. It's not me,is the great generational divide and this book has brought me much clarity and understanding. We, the Boomers, are still in charge, and until I am ready to retire, the knowledge in this book will help me to keep my sanity.

I ordered this book to use as a resource to create a training presentation at my workplace. I had seen Cam Marston in person at a conference in 2005. The layout of the book is fairly good albeit not the end all.

At my company and in my department, the tension between managers and their reports seem to be primarily due to generational differences. This book explains so clearly not only what the differences are, but why members of different generations behave differently and have varied expectations in the workplace.

As someone from Generation X, I was thrilled to find that this book was written by someone from my generation. Marston has clearly experienced the same types of conflicts in the workplace that I do, and he uses many examples to illustrate the sources of conflict.

Not only do I enjoy this book so much that I can't stop talking about it to my friends and co-workers, but I've encouraged my colleagues to make some policy and procedure modifications based on what I've read. I really hope that everyone I work with reads this book because it will help us all to understand each other, and, therefore, work together more productively.

I chose this book as a reading assignment in a management training course precisely because I was having some difficulties motivating my younger employees.

By Marston's definitions, I am just barely a Boomer (almost Gen X myself), but by looking at my own values and having some frank discussions with my younger employees, I can tell you that his observations about how generations see the world and the workplace are dead on, at least for our small sample.

I made a bullet list of the high points of this text and started treating my employees this way. One couldn't take the heat and left. The other three have responded extremely well. In short, it works!

I can't recommend this book highly enough!

Motivating the "What's In It For Me?" Workforce. Manage across the generational divide and increase profits. Cam Marston.2007. ISBN 9780470124147. This is a much needed essential book. The author is a Gen X'er who has made a career from explaining how to get the best from a multi-generational workforce. If you, like me, need to hire and inspire Gen X and Millenia workforces, then you must get this book! It will also help you understand your children! Lessons learned, you do not "suggest" how things should be done, you tell and show, with clear directions.

1. Use clear straightforward language
2. Don't assume anything
3. When an employee gets it right, celebrate!

According to some of his research the Millenia generation is on line to be a Hero generation.

This product full of ideas on setting up and teaching Kindergarten. With the continious changes in education I was a little unsure about where to start. The author offers great ideas and input using the NCTM Standards. This is a great resource for new teachers, and teachers who are new to teaching Kindergarten.

I have had the honor of seeing Ms. Leuenberger adapt the very principals that she writes about in her book in her own classroom on "The Vineyard". Believe me, these strategies and lessons work. I suggest that each school have this book available for their Kindergarten teachers. The suggestions and ideas in this book make "Meeting the Standards" easy and fun.

I love how this teacher writes about how she sets up her classroom and keeps it organized. She also has some helpful strategies for setting up learning centers, journal writing and how to make your morning message fun, and much more!
I think the ideas in this book will be really helpful in the years to come.

Constance Leuenberger's book is an excellent combination of educational philosophy coupled with ideas, ideas, and more ideas!
An easy read that would be a GREAT resource for ALL new Kindergarten teachers and a wonderful resource to help experienced teachers remember how important developementally appropriate strategies are.
This book is full of great ideas, strategies, and tips that are simple and ready to implement. Another strength is how the author shares thoughts for teachers of half day and/or full day programs.
Constance understands how young children learn. She knows that we must teach the "whole" child....from their academic to their social well being.
This book is an excellent addition to your professional library.

This is a 'must have' book for any teacher at any number of years teaching experience. What I really like about this book is 'at a glance' one can pick up ideas/tips that are ready to try 'NOW'.

This is one of the excellent industrial engineering books. From deterministic and simple linear programming to stochastic systems such as queueing models or dynamic programming, you may read and "learn" lots of things about OR. However, for stochastic cases you will need extra help for its matematics. But if you want to learn something about industrial engineering or something related with it, that is the book you must buy.

A wonderful compendium of Ops algorythms. It has everything from linear programming to queing theory.

I think this book is the best up to date reference on Operations Research. The book is very well written, very didactic and addresses mainly the practical use of OR. That is, the book isnt so good for algorithm details but it is superb on modeling, interpretation and examples.

I am in my first semester of an MBA program. The required text for my OR/MS class (An Introduction to Management Science, 10th ed., by Anderson, Sweeney, Williams) left something to be desired. I work with the SAS programming language, and happened to be discussing the SAS/OR product with a SAS technical support rep. He recommended this Winston text. I think it explains concepts much better than my Anderson text and has helped me a lot in my OR/MS class.

I have used this book for five years in my Operation Research classes. Its emphasis is in the mathematical modeling. The explanations are complete and clean. But, the exercises are the best part: a lot of examples and modeling exercises. A very good book for engineering students.

The words positive reinforcement inspire different thoughts in different people. Sadly, some think "weak" or "manipulative." But, properly understood, it is neither.

"The world can be a cruel place" is often used as an excuse for introducing cruelty to children, or using it on animals and employees. When I hear that argument, that's when the words "weak" and "manipulative" spring to my mind.

Daniels' writing is easy to read, and he makes a great case for the practicality, effectiveness and deep reward of using reinforcement for others, as well as embracing it when it is directed at us. He clearly lays out all of the aspects of using it well and carefully, not just randomly "being nice."

This is an exceptionally well-organized and clear book. Superficially, it might seem like "only" a suggestion to compliment others more often. However, what distinguishes it from self-help books that emphasize willpower and attitude is the reliance on the teachings of B.F.Skinner's radical behaviorism.

This is one of the best and few books on applying behaviorism to everyday living that I've aware of. You can read Skinner (e.g. "Science and Human Behavior" or his 3-part autobiography) to understand the scientific foundation of his approach and to get a few ideas how you can manage yourself better, but I have found it difficult to work out just how to apply the lessons of behaviorism in daily life. Advancements have been made in applications to such areas as autism and to education, but these require highly trained behavior analysts.

What Daniels has done is work out and carefully explain a straight-forward way in which anyone can apply behaviorism. His advice seems entirely consistent with Skinner, including the avoidance of punishment. Key basics of behaviorism are made simple by Daniels, who has the clearest explanation of the key behaviorist term "contingency" that I've found.

If he didn't so carefully explain how he arrives at this advice, it might seem simplistic. Just compliment? But significantly more than that, for he identifies a number of rules that must hold to effectively positive reinforce others. And because it doesn't require too many rules, it seems quite manageable. I haven't tried it much yet, but I mean to start doing so soon. I hope to succeed because I'll have the scientific power of behaviorism, the laws of nature and the apparent wisdom of Daniels supporting me and keeping it simple.

It seems safe to say that the goal of any responsible person in a position of authority, whether that person is a parent, teacher, therapist, or business manager, is to see others be successful, productive, and satisfied with whatever they do. For most people, however, there is a big question mark as to just how we can accomplish these goals.

Other People's Habits provides some of the clearest examples describing how the principles of behavior analysis can be used to achieve these goals for the benefit of everyone. Daniels does a wonderful job differentiating between recognition, reward, and reinforcement, and how each process is likely to affect the actions of another. His Do's and Don'ts for implementing positive reinforcement successfully are extremely clear and helpful (along with having a great deal of empirical support in the research literature, unlike the majority of procedures described in many pop psychology books). Daniels also describes in detail how most individuals who claim to be using behavior analytic principles are, in fact, often misusing these principles with disastrous results. Rather than turning people into disgruntled non-productive individuals, as author Alfie Kohn likes to suggest in his book Punished By Rewards, positive reinforcement is a very effective process to help each person achieve a productive and meaningful life, when used properly.

Readers who are parents may also wish to look at another book, The Power of Positive Parenting by Latham, for the successful application of behavior analytic principles with children. Scholars who are interested in the intrinsic vs. extrinsic motivation debate and how it has played out in the research literature may also wish to pick up a copy of Rewards and Intrinsic Motivation: Resolving the Controversy by Cameron and Pierce.

Well-written and well-researched, this book has the power to revolutionize human interaction. On my suggested reading list.

I don't see why anyone should settle for second best. I read anything and everything on how to be my best and bring out the best in others. I really like the author's perspective of confronting habits. So much of our activity is automatic, based on old coping mechanisms.

This author recognizes that we do have the power to help others be their best and that self-limiting habits need to be conquered. The reader is given a series of steps to take to overcome these habits. Try them!

Doing a performance evaluation on an employee can be a real pain. I know from years of supervising employees and then from teaching the process in human resources management classes at universities for many additional years. That is why I really enjoyed finding "Painless Performance Evaluations" by Marnie E. Green. This book makes the performance evaluation process understandable and as painless as possible. In fact, after reading and studying this book, you will probably never dread doing performance evaluations again.

What I found important about this book was that performance evaluations are detailed as a central part of the whole human resources management process and not as an isolated event. By learning all of the aspects of working with employees, you can more easily deliver an accurate and helpful performance evaluation.

The book is written in a textbook format although geared to every supervisor, manager, and executive who has faced doing performance evaluations. The explanations are very clear about what to do while working with employees so an effective evaluation can be given. Exercises and case studies provide ample practice situations so the real thing won't have to cause a lot of stress. I found this book made a usually mundane topic actually quite interesting. It would be a great addition on the shelf of any professional involved in a human resource capacity in a business or corporation and would also be a great supplemental text for the college level class on human resource management.

This book is an easy read, and it is filled with practical information that can be applied immediately. You may be preparing for your first performance review, or you may have completed hundreds of performance reviews--read this book and you will walk away with a hands-on approach to performance management that will make a real difference in the performance of your team and the overall performance of your organization.
Susan Shoemaker, Head, Education Development Center, Ministry of Health, College of Health Sciences, Kingdom of Bahrain

Painless Performance Evaluations - A Practical Approach to Managing Day-to-Day Employee Performance is an excellent reference for easy-to-apply tools and ideas related to the dreadful subject of performance evaluations. Marnie Green's book successfully provides tips and guidlines that management can implement and follow, making the challenge of evaulating employees a positive experience!

As an HR professional, I am constantly looking for ways to coach the management teams on performance management. Marnie Green does an excellent job of outlining an efficient and truly 'painless' evaluation process. This book not only gives good advice on writing evaluation comments, but also advice on how to effectively deliver evaluations. I look forward to coaching our management team using some of Marnie Green's techniques.

Marnie Green has written a well laid out and easy to use guide for anyone who performs employee performance evaluations. Employees dread their reviews, wondering what they could have done better and how they will stack up against other employees. They come to their evaluation with sweaty palms, a nervous stomach and high hopes. Marnie gives managers and HR professionals an easy, practical outline to streamline and create a positive evaluation experience for the manager and the employee. She helps you conduct an evaluation with confidence, build employee respect, understand that the evaluation is not just on past work, but to plan for the future and help employees succeed. This is a valuable guidebook that should be in every managers office and be required reading.

This book was given to me by my vet after my dog (Nikki) was diagnosed with lymphoma. I read this book in one sitting!! This book was a great resource for me in a time of great sadness. I was able to take the many questions that didn't come to me at the vet's office and get them answered. I highly recommend this book to others who may be going through this experience.

I read this little book the first night I got it, and learned a great deal. I only wish I had this info before I lost my beautiful cat friend Taura to cancer almost 5 yrs ago. Even though I thought I was well informed at the time Taura was sick, I've since learned that I really was not, and a book like this could have made a real difference. Veternarians do not always have the skills or knowledge to give thorough information and this book has an abundance of real life info and leaves one with a great deal to think about.

HOWEVER, I was very disappointed in the section on nutrition, which seemed to lack a full view of nutritional options. Even though there was info given on the importance of protein, carbohydrates,etc. the main recommendation for a cancer fighting food was Hills Diet, which felt bias. Some info was given on supplements, but none on other options for foods, such as the possiblity of homemade diets, either cooked or raw, which under the guidance of a good vet could be the answer to good health, depending on the individual needs of each animal. Also, no other quality foods were listed, of which there are many, which with proper guidance may also be appropriate. BE SURE TO CHECK OUT OTHER NUTRITIONAL OPTIONS WITH A VET WHO KNOWS NUTRITION, AS MANY DO NOT.

THIS IS A REALLY GOOD BOOK TO HAVE - I will keep it near and hope I will not need it.

A brilliantly written book which offers hope, comfort and compassionate advice for all pet owners whose animal companions face this horrible disease. Covers all aspects of cancer care from diagnosis to end stages of the disease. A must for the pet owner whose beloved animal companion has been stricken with cancer. Thank you, Dr. Downing for this gem of a book.

This is an excellent book, and if you have ever had, or currently have, a pet with cancer, you deserve a copy of this book.

It takes you by the hand, and explains in easy to understand layman terms, just what the diagnosis of cancer means to you and your pet, in terms of options, cures and hope. It phrases the questions you should ask your vet about any anticipated therapies and operations for the cancer-stricken pet.

The book is positive in outlook, giving pet owners hope, when there seems to be none. Cure types, therapies, and chemotherapy types and kinds are explained. It even discusses nutrition as it relates to saving the pet and `starving' cancer. And research shows diet can play an important role in starving cancer!

The book gives lots of detail; it answers all the questions that the pet owner, in a state of shock after the diagnosis, forgot to ask the vet. It gives helpful hints on how to organize yourself for future vet visits with the cancer-striken pet, and suggests questions you should then ask the vet.

In sum, for anyone with a pet that has cancer - this little book will become your `guide book.'

I'd buy the book `before the event' however, so you have it when you need it.

After my dog was diagnosed with cancer, I searched the internet for answers, and found this book on Amazon. It is a little book, worth it's weight in gold. It is written by a knowledgeable vet who translates clinical information into a factual, yet compassionate conversation with the reader. By using the website links in the back of the book, I was able to find a world class animal hospital in my area that correctly diagnosed the rare form of cancer my dog has. Seven months later, we are on the road to remission. I still refer to Dr. Downing's book, and am more than thanful to have found it.

A unique book... A collection of the best teambuilding-tools from the Pfeiffer-annuals. If you only should buy one book in your life about team activities... Choose this one!

I found the book to be chockful of helpful information--particularly the checklists, personal evaluations, and learning games and tools. I also liked the step-by-step instructions on everything. Very well organized. Easy to find things--just want you're looking for to solve a key issue or use in a special training class.

A terrific book of tools for trainers, consultants and facilitators. Edited by Elaine Biech, the contributors provide comprehensive and integrated teamwork activities to help you develop high-performing teams. A must buy!

This new offering from Pfeiffer/Elaine Biech allows trainers to learn from their peers - working professionals in the field of human resource development. The Ten Block Model clearly presents both a roadmap for new teams and a diagnostic tool for established teams that want to move to the next level. Each of the chapters offers training activities that focus on one of the ten blocks. The final chapter presents a series of team building tools that are practical, easy to use, and thought provoking. This book is the team building equivalent of a recroding star's top hits CD - it presents only the best, culled from a large selection of really good ideas from past Annual editions. A wise addition to your library - a book you'll turn to again and again!

In my work as a training consultant, I get called on to do a lot of work in the area of team building. There are a lot of books on the market that offer games and exercises, but fall short on theory and in depth debriefing. Elaine's book does a tremendous job of doing al of the above. Not only is there a wealth of the practical, but Elaine has gone over and above the expectations of delivering in depth training for the trainer so that one's tool kit if filled with reserve information when conducting teambuilding. YEAH!! Elaine has a way of taking the best of herself and others to make it work for the least to the most experienced trainer in the field. I will use this new tool a lot in my upcoming seminars. I look forward to new books from Elaine...they are ALL on my bookshelf and I use them all regularily for research as well sa recommend them to others!

Popper's argument here and his general view are somewhat surprisingly in synch with that of American Pragmatic philosophy. Elements of surprise, of creative newness are what for Pragmatists make the human future, history itself as a whole fundamentally unpredictable. Popper argues in this work that total theories such as Marxism which claim to contain within themselves the true course and outcome of history, are by their very nature, mistaken. A total predictability of history is impossible in part because the prediction itself effects the actors, but also because of unseen, and unforeseeable elements which come with our always imperfect knowledge. The position taken here by Popper is in consonance with his own defense of the Open Society, and human freedom- other major elements of his thought.
Popper sees here a fundamental truth of the human situation.

Do you have a deep down, hard to enunciate, disquiet with the level of debate in the broad area of social theory and "social engineering"? Do you feel that many of the claims and pronouncements made by social theorists (of any political disposition) are unjustified, but do not really know why you feel that way? If so, this book is a useful starting point for an examination of the problem.

In it, Popper develops the argument that "Historicism" (the term has more than one meaning in different contexts) as he defines it is a flawed approach, and that it is not a justifiable base for the sweeping claims of the historicist. To Popper, historicism is the concept that, by examination of history, we are able to define the rules that govern social change and hence are able to predict those changes. His initial impetus to look into this area was a critical evaluation of Marx - see his essay "How I became a philosopher without really trying" published in "All life is problem solving".

In its simplest form, Popper's argument is the observation that observation of the past does not allow one to accurately predict the future. This may seem to be a fairly obvious statement, but it is worth keeping in mind as he develops the various arguments that make up the case for and against historicism.

Popper's philosophy is often overlooked, perhaps because he attempts to limit himself to goals that he can reasonably achieve. He is a very prominent figure in the philosophy of science, and much of his epistemology relates to the methodology of the empirical sciences, and hence to direct observation, and the relationship of observation to development and testing of theories. Perhaps because he is not too ambitious, his philosophy is less "sexy". It is, however, eminently reasonable, and avoids many of the great stumbling blocks of traditional Western philosophy - for example, the problem of induction and infinite regress.

This book is non-technical, and is accessible to those with little formal philosophical training. It addresses the dominant paradigm in social engineering, and suggests why we may be unhappy with that paradigm.

I read this book, and several of Karl Popper's other books then available in English, while still a graduate student in anthropology at an American university. While neither my dissertation committee members nor even my fellow graduate students were much interested in my attempts to bring Popper's arguments to their attention, I found his work to be exhilarating for its clarity, courage, and fairmindedness. Thirty-plus years later, I still do.

Sir Popper is considered one of the most important thinkers in the area of philosophy of science. "The Poverty of Historicism" despite its complexity, carries a fundamental simple message: prediction over the course of history (its social and economic implications) is nothing more than a fantasy, an illusion. And this assertion is based on the principle that the events/persons responsible for changes are themselves affected by these same changes. It is Heisenberg's principle of uncertainty applied to social sciences!
Historicism is the theory that history develops itself according to pre-determined, inexorable laws with a fixed objective or end. Fascism and communism were laid upon these presuppositions, and the course fo history has proven the fallacy (therefore poverty) of such assumptions. The attempt to have a holistic approach by eliminating individual differences through "brain washing" is incompatible with critical thought, and although it will bring about a concentration of power it will also cause an erosion of knowledge. The Poverty of Historicism becomes a poverty of imagination, of the ability of critical judgement and analysis. Historicism, according to Karl Popper preposterously assumes the postion of having discovered the problem of "change," but revolutions are not unique to our modern era and the metaphysical speculation of what constitutes "change" has been addressed since the time of Heraclitus.
The goal of applying scientific methods with the same accuracy and predictability as those in theoretical physics is bound to end in failure when it concerns the course of history. The influence of the prediction upon the predicted events is here being termed as the "Oedipus effect." Physics can arrive at universally valid uniformities, whereas sociology must be contented with the intuitive understanding of unique events, and of the role they play in particular situations, occuring within particular struggles of interests, tendencies and destinies. If sociological laws determine the degree of anything, they will do so only in very vague terms, and will permit, at the best, a very rough scaling.
Karl Popper who was a fierce advocate of democrary and social critiscim, dedicated this book to all of those who have been victims to the fascist and communist belief in the inexorable laws of historical destiny.

This classic little work is a must read for any theorist of history and evolution, which is not to say that one agrees altogether with Popper's formulation. Reflecting Popper's experience both with issues of scientific methodology and the ideologies of scientism, the work ends in a paradoxical mode with respect to the idea of a science of history and/or evolution. The invisible influence of the antinomies of Kantian critical thought buttress the basic argument, as it transforms the term 'historicism' itself from its nineteenth century usage into something different, in a confusion of terminology that does not invalidate the basic thrust. Popper's insight remains fundamental even if the implied usage directed at more rigid forms of Marxism narrows its scope. We live in an age that has reinvented the fallacy of (Popperian)historicism in the search for causal social theories of all types, and the results are always in the same difficulty that Popper points to. If a deterministic theory bent on predicting the future fails for the reasons Popper gives,the implication that there can be no genuine 'universal history' fails as a necessary consequence. For such a history might embrace rather than be contradicted by Popper's argument, leaving us to wonder if there is not also a certain poverty to 'anti-historicism' in the sense of throwing out the baby with the bath, i.e. finding history to be without meaning! In any case, a classic little work. The section on the "Oedipus Effect" invokes the tragic theme, with Popper as a sort of theoretical Tiresias, grizzled and omimous. Read.