Conferences and Events Books
Related Subjects: Past
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Used price: $52.06

We used this book to have a successful retreat at Alliance Redwoods CampReview Date: 2005-07-01
Children's Ministry TeamReview Date: 2003-05-02
A mustReview Date: 2003-03-25
Helpful, informative... and funny!Review Date: 2003-03-26

Used price: $40.43

do you know how peacekeepers negotiate?Review Date: 2002-03-08
Used price: $223.13

H. Lepore's Politics and Failure of Naval DisarmamentReview Date: 2003-11-13

Wanker presents advantages and problems of growthReview Date: 2000-12-11

Used price: $14.85

Helpfull bookReview Date: 2008-02-05
Packed with Knowledge!Review Date: 2005-10-14
Very useful Hand BookReview Date: 2007-03-10
This Book is AlrightReview Date: 2006-08-09
Not for beginners and not for professionalsReview Date: 2007-05-03

Used price: $0.65

a keeperReview Date: 2008-01-07
short and sweet Review Date: 2008-02-20
Great resource!Review Date: 2006-08-24
Absolutely necessary for startersReview Date: 2002-01-09
I am yet in the middle of the book and I can't wait to see the later parts of it. I am getting all the necessary information I need.
Good book to understand meeting planning, but not eventsReview Date: 2003-11-02
If meeting planning has recently become part of your job responsibilities, this guide will help you understand the basics. If you are looking for information about becoming an independent meeting planner or event planner (i.e.: getting clients, starting your company) you might need to continue looking for other resources.
Overall the book is well written, has plenty of examples and explains the underlying concepts to organizing a meeting.


Very useful & user friendly!Review Date: 2004-02-09
Every bride needs this book!!Review Date: 2004-02-04
Nothing New Under the (D.C) SunReview Date: 2001-04-04
Great book for GREAT party!Review Date: 2000-02-24
Perfect for planning a wedding and other events!Review Date: 2001-11-30
I have also used the book as a resource when planning social events for a non-profit association. Again, we narrowed our selections based on size and found locations that we did not know of.
My event planning went much more smoothly because of this book, and I have loaned it to several friends who have also praised its resources.

The Complete Cat BookReview Date: 2002-06-27
Wonderful book for cat loversReview Date: 2000-08-04

Used price: $0.23

Evolution of Washington PoliticsReview Date: 2005-11-16
As such, this early era Washington is essentially isolated from the core constituents. Party leaders and other senior political elites offer support to candidates who will not only tow the party line, but respect the seniority system already in place. Furthermore, institutionalized pluralism supports an environment in which coalitions form the spine of the system. The coalitions often shape the options available to the early presidents. Kernell describes the role of the President; "(he) seizes the center of the Washington bazaar and actively barter's with fellow politicians to build winning coalitions. He must do so...or he will forfeit any claim to leadership" (18).
However, Washington politics has moved from a closely regulated environment of institutionalized pluralism to what Kernell refers to as individualized pluralism. A system of individual pluralism is one in which the system of strong parties, seniority and bargaining are in decline. In their stead has emerged a system of individualistic politicians which are driven not by coalition building and party support, but by maintaining the will of their constituent base. Kernell describes the institutionalized plural Washington as, "a political community constituted of independent members who have few group or institutional loyalties and who are generally less interested in sacrificing short-run, private career goals for the longer-term benefits of bargaining" (27). As such, a president is forced to deal with weakened leaders and weakened parties who may be unwilling or unable to deliver on proposed bargains.
Kernell explains the change from institutionalized to individual pluralism as the result of an increased welfare state which "increased the size of the community and created large, interested constituencies outside of Washington" (28). In other words, Washington was no longer an isolated island of political elites. Secondly, individual pluralism emerged as a result of changes to communication and transportation. The President and elites had the means to communicate directly to the people. Lastly, Kernell argues that a decline in the strength of political parties in Washington as well as nationally fueled the evolution towards individualized pluralism.
In the new era, the President and other major Washington players have evolved new leadership strategies. Going public can be described as political elites making a conscious appeal for support to their constituents, or as in the case of the President, to the nation as a whole.
Kernell explains the increase in making appeals to the public in order to garner support for views or popularity as the result of a number of developments in national politics. First, in the system of individualized pluralism, bargaining between the Executive and legislature has grown ineffective. For example, since 1956 the United States is often confronted with a divided government, one in which one party controls the legislature and the opposing party sits in the Executive office. In such situations, negotiations become difficult. Often the President cannot get his policies through and opposing Congress. As such, he calls on the people to pressure their representative into accepting the President's proposal.
Second, rather than being nominated by major political parties, presidential selection reforms have allowed ordinary voters to place their presidential choice on the ballot. Now, a President is no longer beholden to party leadership. Instead, the president is beholden to the people. As such, the President does not always feel obligated to negotiate with party leadership and may appeal to the people to pressure the party.
The ways in which the President shapes "going public" differ. Perhaps the earliest method of going public was through manipulation of the media. In an earlier era, a good deal of bargaining existed between press and President. A system of reciprocity existed. A President would exchange personal interviews for an article that leaned in favor of his proposals.
However, John Kennedy shaped a system which is still in use today. President Kennedy used live television to carry his message. With the use of such a direct medium, the president is able to shape his message with little outside influence from newspaper men, editors and others. In this way, the President had to rely on bargaining to an even less extent.
Aside from "going public" in order to garner support for policy, the President uses public appeal to garner popular support. The President does so in a number of ways. First, the President may offer a public address. The public addresses used by a President appear in two forms, major and minor. A major address allows the President to speak directly to the American people. "Of the major addresses, the most dramatic and potentially the most effective are special reports the president delivers to the nation on primetime television" (107). These addresses often accompany some sort of crisis and can develop into what Kernell calls a "rally event." Rally events often drive the President's popularity up a few points in the polls. However, it is important to note that the major address can only rarely be used as the interest of the voter wanes quickly. If the President continuously interrupts Desperate Housewives, regardless of the importance of the address, he is bound to lose 5 points with every broadcast.
The second type of address Kernell refers to is minor. The formality of the address is limited and generally the message is specified to a particular constituent group. For example, Kernell cites Ronald Regan appealing to Catholic voters in order to garner support for a school funding initiative.
Lastly, the President may go public though appearances. In this situation, the President need not say anything. His presence alone will suffice. An example of an appearance shaping popularity would be George W. Bush visiting the Twin Towers shortly after the September 11 attack. He said very little, but his presence increased his popularity.
Necessary for understanding the presidencyReview Date: 2004-06-09
Highly recommended for scholars of the presidency, or American politics in general. Also a good book for a knowledgeable layman interested in politics.
Invaluable Evaluation of the Modern PresidencyReview Date: 1999-05-01
intuitive if not empiricalReview Date: 2000-03-14
Used price: $120.09

User Friendly Analysis in the Fastlane of American PoliticsReview Date: 2001-11-12
The book focuses on which strategies failed and which strategies succeeded, by examining the various media communication strategies applied by each administration towards their certain domestic policies. These case studies provide the reader with a look at the various consequences an administration must consider when "going public" with a policy. This book could be used in teaching mass media or political science.
Related Subjects: Past
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