Cultural Books

I'm a high tech entrepreneur turned social entrepreneur. This book gives an excellent analysis of the foundation world from an optimistic perspective combined with a healthy amount of constructive criticism.

Something that makes this book standout are the wealth of real world examples of both success and failure. In addition to those in the book, there's a companion piece with 100 case studies available for free download as well as purchasable as a paperback book.

What I enjoyed very much was meaty discussion of key aspects of the foundation structure. Fleishman's style is direct and clear: his points are made well and are backed up with real examples. One of the best books I've read about the social sector!

Foundations are a subset of Non-Profit organizations that have become surprisingly big busines in the United States. Somewhere around 1/7th of the business in the country is conducted by these organizations. Somewhere around 1/9th of the workforce is employed by one. They have become an integral part of the American economy.

In this book Mr. Fleishman looks at Foundations (a number of which he has been associated as employee, trustee or some other capacity). He examines what makes a foundation successful, and how some have failed. He offers insight and advice on how to make a foundation more successful, and at the same time how foundations should have an obligation to become more accountable since they received special tax considerations from the Government. He suggests that this accountability should be done by the foundations voluntarily. However, Mr. Fleishman is an attorney and believes that if voluntary response is not forthcoming then new legal requirements should be placed upon them to require more openness.

Joel Fleishman's book lays an excellent bedrock of history underneath its discussion of philanthropy as a great element of American tradition. We live in days of some staggering examples - from Warren Buffet's living bequest of billions, to the fine work of Bill and Melinda Gates - and many others. But rather than see this as some product of the new millennium - Fleishman shows how the new avatars of corporate generosity are following a fine tradition. More than this, the author shows that certain gifting strategies have been leveraged for huge social benefit. For those who are thinking - at whatever scale - of giving to support a cause, this book sets out the strategies that have produced most benefit. This is an excellent, thoughtful piece of work on a topic that currently has wide currency. Well worth reading.

This is a very helpful book, indeed, a unique book. Here are some of the notes I took. As one of 24 co-founders of a new 501c3, the Earth Intelligence Network, created to provide decision support to foundations, the United Nations, NGOs, and others seeking to address the ten high-level threats to Humanity, I could not have found a more relevant work.

A few notes:

* Foundations are the dynamo of social change, with three roles varying from foundation to foundation: as driver, as partner, or as catalyst.
* The author is very critical of the general state of mismanagement and in some cases, lack of clear ethical guidelines or stated values, and says the field must do better.
* In his view, and his case studies bear this out, foundations are an enormous force for good, but they are unregulated, unaccountable, and if they are to retain the tax breaks and the trust of the people, they must change their process, their governance, and their attitude--this will, in the author's words, strengthen the social contract within which they are given so much leeway.
* He states that foundations *need* a decision-making process (music to my ears) and also a progress-checking system.
* He clearly communicates the willy-nilly state of many foundation programs, their lack of boundaries and focus, and hence their relative lack of impact. He states that many underperform, are insulated, and are arrogant.
* A positive quote (the book is generally positive and constructive) from page 3: "Foundations enable the creation of countless civil sector organizations--groups dealing with human rights, civil liberties, social policy experimentation, public advocacy, environmental protection, knowledge generation, human capital building, and service delivery, among other causes--and assist them in building national, regional, and local constituencies that move into the forefront of continuing social change. Elsewhere in the book he points out that in many areas, foundations preceeded and inspired later government programs.
* He is careful to point out that foundations have had limited success with education, health care, and poverty, and that in the face of global challenges (e.g. the ten high level threats to Humanity) the best they can do is educate the public and press government for action. I disagree. If foundations could collaborate with the United Nations UN) and leverage the Multinational Decision Support Center (MDSC) that we are trying to create in Tampa, Florida, they could among themselves agree to take on specific elements of a $230 billion a year program that Medard Gabel has been researching for ten years.
* He points out that US foundations take in 1.1 trillion a year in revenues, but only dole out $33.6 billion a year. In my view, given the enormous value of preventive action, I believe the foundations should be required to dole out 20% of their endowment in the first year of a concerted global program, and then so much as to keep the endowment steady, not hoarding and growing.
* While the "overarching objective" of foundations is large-scale social change, the author notes that they are peripheral players *unless they can organize and catalyze in the aggregate--precisely what the UN and the MDSC could help them do.
* He laments the current lack among most foundations of the "scientific method" that the Carnegies and Rockefellers first imposed, to wit: 1) get the facts; 2) identify problems precisely; 3) study options for action; 4) identify supporting and opposing stakeholders; and 5) plan for action. He blames the predominantly academic leadership of foundations today for the loss of "business" rigor and focus.
* The bottom line in this book appears with regularity in these pages: without goal setting and progress measuring, most foundation programs are simply arbitrary give-a-ways. He admires the Carnegie "Appraisal List" as a good starting point. He points out that neither inputs nor outputs matter; what matters is outcome.
* He lists all that ails foundations, a list that includes arrogance, discourtesy, inaccessibility, arbitrariness, failure to communicate, foundation Attention Deficit Disorder, lack of accountability, invisibility, scholarly void, and political vulnerability.
* The balance of the book consists of chapters that are extremely helpful, and here to whet the potential buyer's interest, I will simply list five core aspects of the book.
* Strategies and practices include (with subheadings not shown here):
* Creating and disseminating knowledge
* Building human capital
* Public policy advocacy
* Changing public attitudes
* Changing the law
* Creating a blue ribbon commission
* Offering an award or prize
* Building a model through a pilot program
* Financing litigation
* Building institutions
* Building physical plant
* Catalyzing partnerships among foundation
* Catalyzing partnerships with the for-profit sector
* Ways of recognizing impact include:
* Major benefits to the public
* Expansion of knowledge
* Helping to launch a movement
* Catalyzing an urgent social change
* Taking an initiative to scale
* Characteristics of high-impact programs (with much detail for each):
* Focus
* Alignment
* Due diligence about the problem
* Due diligence about the solution
* Intelligent talent selection
* Due diligence about prospective grant-receiving organizations
* Entrepreneurial riskp-taking
* Optemistic thinking
* Independence
* Effective grantee selection and management
* Long-term thinking and commitment
* Maintaining focus and alignment over time

There is a chapter on how foundations fail, and certainly this entire book, and especially this chapter, need to be read by any foundation executive--or any prospective donor to any foundation.

This is a truly great and helpful book. I put it down thinking to myself, "my goodness, not only does the United Nations need an Assistant Secretary General for Decision Support, but so also do the foundations in the aggregate." Worthy book!

A More Secure World: Our Shared Responsibility--Report of the Secretary-General's High-level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change
Preparing for the 21st century: An appraisal of U.S. intelligence : report of the Commission on the Roles and Capabilities of the United States Intelligence Community
The 9/11 Commission Report: Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (Authorized Edition)
On Intelligence: Spies and Secrecy in an Open World
The New Craft of Intelligence: Personal, Public, & Political--Citizen's Action Handbook for Fighting Terrorism, Genocide, Disease, Toxic Bombs, & Corruption
Peacekeeping Intelligence: Emerging Concepts for the Future
Information Operations: All Information, All Languages, All the Time
THE SMART NATION ACT: Public Intelligence in the Public Interest

If you live almost anywhere in Japan, you will see the landscape dotted with red torii gates that are the signature of Inari Shrines. From little roadside sheds to great shrine complexes, from evergreen groves to office building rooftops, they're everywhere. And there's hardly a local shrine that doesn't have a smaller Inari shrine off to the side on its grounds. So certainly something so prevalent, and obviously the object of active religious practice, must hold an important key to understanding religion in Japan. And yet almost no scholars have paid much attention to Inari worship, with the thankful exception of Smeyers, who does a truly excellent job in this very important study.

The merits of this book are many. The primarily anthropological approach allows the author to zero in on what Inari really means to various people without getting tangled up in the Buddhism or Shinto question (to which the answer is perhaps both and neither), but she deftly avoids the socioeconomomic reductivism, the ahistorical fuzziness, and the cultural essentialism into which such an approach can lapse. The folk religion/elite religion false dichotomy is also transcended in favor of a multivalent look at the different significances of Inari from multiple perspectives and differing contexts along with how these all mutually conflict against, interact with, or deliberately ignore each other.

"The Fox and the Jewel" is of high scholarly caliber, full of fascinating little details which all add to the big picture (neither the forest nor the trees are lost sight of here). And it is invaluable for helping us understand this vital religious phenomenon ubiquitious in Japan.

Smyers, an acknowledged expert on the cult of Inari (Japanese Rice God/dess) has provided a thorough and engaging examination of the many facets of Inari worship and symbology. Her analysis, both anecdotal and anthropological, of the role of women in the shamanistic forms of Inari worship brings to light
their importance in Japan's shamanic past and present. Smyers obtained access to many levels of Inari worship, from fire ceremonies held in individual believers' homes (a suspensful and riveting account), to the larger Inari centers throughout Japan, and has provided a detailed, comprehensive and
fascinating account of this little-known, but widespread, form of worship. A must read for anyone interested in Japan, Shinto, Buddhism, shamanism and the metaphysical.

This book covers the Shinto, Buddhist and Shaman aspects of Inari worship in Japan. It is very clearly written and well researched. The book is one of the best I have found on Japanese culture, an area of current interest to me.

Well, I have been familiar with Inari, sort of "Fox God", since I was born and raised in Japan. However, after I read this book, I noticed that I had not known what Inari really means! Why do we have so many "Fox God shrines" in Japan? What is the relationship beteen Shinto and Inari? What about Inari and Buddhisim?

I have not seen a book like this, even in Japanese, which ambitiously tries to investigate for these complicated, but culturally fascinating issues. The author lived in Japan for a couple of years, at two major Inari Shrines (Fushimi and Toyokawa), and conuducted a thorough field study. In fact, the author could not solve all the intricated miteries of Inari, but, most importantly, she found out that even many priests and monks working at Fushimi or Toyokawa do not know histories of their shrines, nor understand what Inari really means! In that sense, Inari is not purely religion, but sort of a popular culture and practice. So, we may say this is a great book of anthropology of Japanese culture.

I met Karen, the author, at the Jung Institute in Zurich. Karen introduced herself, in Japanese, as "Kitsune-Onna", Fox-woman. She was so brave that she quit a tenure position in an American college, and decided to become an Jungian analyst. Karen, I look forward to seeing you again, and to see what comes out from the combination of your American nativeness, deep insight of Japanese culture, and Jungian psychology.

This book is only as good as AND NO BETTER THAN first base. Trust me folks, I've been there. True, only once and yes it was about 18 years ago but I'm no dummy. The title is a clear cut case of the ol' Bait and Switch. Most of the book ends up being about one time when the author's basement flooded and how it ruined all his old "Prince Valiant" comics.

This book was written with a depth of understanding of the human psyche that only a poet/psychologist could produce. When one reads an average biography one normaly can only gleen snippets of the reasoning in the subject's actions-Pat Ehlen has let me in on the reasoning of a man who's influence can be felt in all of modern black history. A terrific read.

Though I was unfamiliar with Fanon before reading this book; I found this biography to be fascinating. Well written and very interesting.

A wonderful read all the way through. I knew little of Fanon's work outside the seminal "Wretched of The Earth" and even less of Ehlen with the exception of the compelling short prose of "Aunties". But after a friend reccomended this provocative, exceptionally well written biography I plan to investigate both Ehlen and Fanon thoroughly. An excellent piece of writing--I reccomend it to all.

Jasper Rastus Nall was my great-grandfather and I am very moved by this thought-provoking book. Although this diary has circulated the globe and was entered into the Library of Congress, it was intended for a much smaller audience, his descendants.

J.R. Nall was born into slavery, but says he "never slaved any." He never attended school, but eventually learned to read and write and caught most of his education "in the air." Throughout most of his life he knew nothing but hard work and dedicated himself to the education of his six children. He was most proud of his work in building a school in the town where he lived, and claims to be the only man who saw his wife and all of his children educated there.

His myriad jobs included miner, butcher, and mailman, just to name a few. What J.R. Nall lacked in formal education, he made up in common sense. His values of honesty, morality, and commitment, are a model for all generations to follow.

I am one of the many family members of Jasper R. Nall.

The most exciting moment for me was when I completed the reading of this wondeful book that my great-great-grandfather left to me.

It bought tears to my eyes to think that he loved me so much, to the point that he was moved to leave a part of himself for all of us in the family to share.

I was only 2 years old when he passed away, but it feels as if I knew him through his words.

I recommend everyone to read the book, if you haven't already.

Sincerely,

Ms. Gonnie Goins (decedent of RJN)

This small book has a surprising message of slave loyalty and affection for the white master. It was a pleasure to read, took about 2 hours, and I couldn't put it down. Brought back a lot of memories of stories my Grandma told about our ancestors in Alabama. I am descended from Nall slave owners and, although I've always been ashamed of that, this humble story creates more of an understanding of that day and time for me. I highly recommend it for anyone.

This was a short easy to read book. Don't be fooled by the length! This book was full of power. Jasper was a incredible man. He gives an insight on what it is to be born a free man, but still be oppressed. But rather than walking with his head down, he leads a prosperous life. Thank you Jasper for documenting your life before you passed. It enables me to share our history with my children.

Buell's book on environmental crisis is that rare breed of serious book. It's really important, and it's also thoroughly readable and entertaining. Every major aspect of environmental crisis is discussed, and how the crisis has played out in American politics and culture is also fully presented. It's a must read for anyone who wants to really try to imagine the next hundred years.

Well-written, intelligent, daunting. One of the best environmental books I've read in a few years, and I teach, write, edit, and review in this field.

I know of no better book about the environmental crises in the US today than this one. It is full of ideas and information but is also full of feeling and is a great read! The book also tells the often sad and outrageous story of environmental politics from the conservative "revolution" to the present and explores many of the very bizarre ways in which we Americans have attempted culturally to adapt to living with and in environmental crisis. I highly recommmend it.
Diane Dudzinski

From Apocalypse to Way of Life gives a riveting account of environmental crisis in all its many forms--as a catastrophe in progress in nature, as a threat to human health, and as a dysfunctional aspect of society. It deals with trashed ecosystems, chemical and other pollution, the extinction of species, the risks of new technologies, scary human health problems, and the environmental effects of global inequities. It gives an often amusing (sometimes hilarious) and sobering account of the various attempts to convince us that environmental crisis does not exist (or more blatantly, that it is actually good for us) that have entered American politics and culture over the last three decades.

If you're at all interested in Latin American culture you'll love this book and he's an amazing person. He'll tal kto you forever about the subject and he's highly intelligent.

While Juan Flores is perceptive in his discussion of the Puerto Rican component of Latino culture, and discusses other major critics like Perez Firmat and Stavans, I was frankly surprised not to see any discussion of William Luis's Dance Between Two Cultures: Latino Caribbean Literature Written in the United States, which in my estimation is as important as those written by the critics Flores discusses. The value of Luis's study is that he addresses the same Puerto Rican community mentioned in Flores' book, but Luis also contextualizes this community by considering its relation to the Cuban and Dominican components of Latino culture. Anyone interested in understanding Latino literature and culture should also read Dance Between Two Cultures, which contains perceptive readings of Latino Caribbean literature unavailable in any other study.

The title of Mr. Flores' book might be a little deceiving for those who are not familiar with the subject matter. Mr. Flores uses music as a jumping off point for some very thought provoking themes that pertain (in my opinion) to all Latino's. Juan Flores goes from scholarly themes like colonialism to thoughts on the funeral of Cortijo and the history of the Boogaloo phenomena in New York City.

Mr. Flores makes you stop and think, then think again about issues you may have had preconceived notions about. I really enjoyed being challenged intellectually as I read this book.

I recently attended a lecture/performance (at the CUNY Graduate Center in New York City) of "From Bomba to Hip-Hop" conducted by Mr. Flores, music historian Rene Lopez and Mike Wallace (who won a Pulitzer Prize for his book, "Gotham.") True to form, it was a very unique, educational and entertaining experience.

As a beginning graduate student in Latina/o Studies, I have been asking myself a simple question over and over: "Where have I been?" I have gone through public education in the United States for 17 years of my life, and have only recently found that there have been people writing since the start of the 1900s about the issues, experiences, struggles, and passions that I have thought were uniquely mine. Piri Thomas published _Down These Mean Streets_ in 1967. I just read it this past summer, my mother--right after I gave it to her. And the thought that has wondered in is, "why wasn't I told about his book earlier?" Is Piri Thomas' experience, a bond with African American culture that Juan Flores addresses in his book, such a marginal experience in American life, that it took a suggestion by Amazon.com for a man with 4 years of university education to be aware of the book? As the population of Latino/as in the United States grows to the levels of being the largest minority group in the country, there will have to be a shifting of Latina/o literature, theory, and any cultural products from the margins of American life to the center contemporary discussion. It is these products that Juan Flores probes and analyses with keen insight that places the Puerto Rican aspect of the Latino experience into mainstream intellectual thought. From "the Madonna incident" in Puerto Rico, to the ties that Puerto Ricans have with Hip-Hop, and the current status of Puerto Rico that he sadly calls a "Lite Colony," Flores' book is one that should be read by anyone interested in the affairs of American culture.

According to Griffith, we have been slowly denuding the land and turning it into desert for several thousand years. The places where civilization began in the Middle East were degraded first, and a circle of largely man-made desertification has spread outward ever since. As we've depleted nature, people in the affected areas often moved away in waves of migration toward greener areas. And where people degraded their environment, there have been big impacts on their culture and way of life. Griffith describes how environmental destruction has affected things like politics, religion, or economics. It's a very colorful, expansive book, and makes you realize how old a lot of our modern problems are. It also makes solving these problems seem quite possible, since many groups of people are having some good success. I found it a dense book that's packed with information on many countries in many periods of history. It took me a long time to read, but was well worth it.

This book tries to explore what happened in the past when people have turned their land into a desert. How has that affected society, politics, women, religion, etc? To answer, Griffith gives many stories from Africa, the Middle East, India, China, or Europe. One thing he looks at closely is the fate of women in areas where the land became unproductive. And in this he gives one of the most convincing explanations of of why inequality developed between men and women in certain parts of the world. To balance this Griffith tells inspiring stories of how local people have struggled to heal their environment and recover the benefits of a healthy countryside.

This book covers over 10,000 years of social, economic and environmental changes. It shows how our destruction of nature has changed society over time. The stories it tells are powerful and well written. I think it's a great book for anybody who really likes history and wants a peaceful and healthy environment in the future.

I admit that when I first came across this book I wasn't quite sure about the significance of the subject matter, or, indeed, if Id'be interested. It was my pleasure to discover, however, an entirely new approach to explain social and espcieally environmnetal degradation. The author interestingly shows how women are the first to suffer from environmental degradation. He uses the examples of lands facing - or that have faced - important desertification processes to show how a liberal society where men and women share more or less equal status can shift to favor the dominance of males. Students of ancient Egypt will be very interested to know there is a chapter on how desertification affected socio-cultural processes (and stagnation) in Egypt. There are chapters on China, North Africa and Europe some also touch on the effects that desertification has on racism and the strengthening of racial identities - namely aryan. It may all look imprpbable in thsi brief description that does little justice to the volume; however, it is surprising to find that there is a logical and sensical approach that allows for a very interesting,timely and satisfying read.

If you don't feel capable of wading through the Western history in this book, I suggest you see the movie "Geronimo." It's an excellent, slightly-fictionalized story of the Apache war chief Geronimo played by Wes Studi and Lt. Charles Gatewood played by Jason Patric.

Gatewood, the U.S. army's foremost expert on the Apaches, persuaded Geronimo to surrender in 1886. Both Geronimo and Gatewood were betrayed by the U.S. government. Geronimo was sent to Florida to prison; Gateway was sent to oblivion, remaining a lieutenant until the end of his military career.

Geronimo is remarkable as a cunning, cruel guerilla leader fighting to keep his freedom from the encroaching Whites; Gatewood is remarkable for the integrity he brought to his job as an indian agent and soldier. It's comforting to see Gatewood's qualities are remembered in book and movie long after more conventionally successful men have been forgotten.

This book maintains a high standard of accuracy and scholarship. It tells one of the best stories from the old West.

KLIATT, November 2000 Reviewed by Raymond L. Puffer, Ph.D., Historian, Edwards Air Force Base, CA

Most historical accounts of Geronimo and the lengthy struggle of his Apache warriors against white settlement have focused upon either the Chiricahua leader himself, or the two U.S. Army generals usually credited with forcing their bitter surrender. George Crook and Nelson Miles were indeed instrumental in planning and leading the campaigns that hounded the remnants of the Apache people into their inevitable subjugation. Neither, however, could convince the holdouts ot lay down their arms and put themselves at the white man's mercy. That role fell to a weary cavalry lieutenant, Charles B. Gatewood, who had won the Indians' grudging respect through hard fighting and his sympathy to their plight. In the course of a final meeting, which was as poignant as it was historical, Gatewood at length persuaded the exhausted "renegades" to lay down their arms to General

Miles, and to accept his offer of farmland and aid. When Geronimo did so, the last native resistance to federal hegemony came to an end. Ultimately, though, Geronimo and Lieutenant Gatewood were betrayed by the federal government.

Louis Kraft has written an important and historically significant study of the final phase of the Apache Wars. Unusual for such books, this one is as readable as popular history, and it will be enjoyed by those who have an interest in looking behind the scenes of history. The book is a fine reminder that earnest, hardworking and suffering people were responsible for the events in their textbooks.

Publishers Weekly, April 17, 2000

This recent addition to the parallel lives genre is a superbly told tale of the vicious Apache wars of the 1880s in Arizona, New Mexico and Mexico. Drawing upon a variety of original sources, Kraft (Custer and the Cheyenne) reconstructs the complex story of the famous Chiricahua leader Geronimo, a medicine man who came forward as a tribal leader and headed resistance to the coerced settlement of his people on reservations where they were to become farmers instead of nomadic hunters. Lt. Charles B. Gatewood of the 6th U.S. Cavalry was posted to Arizona in 1878 and became a respected leader of Apache scouts, who tracked Apache guerrillas for the U.S. The frail lieutenant, sent to administer the Apache reservation, seemingly treated his charges fairly, earning the enmity of civilians and army brass, which led to a stalemated career and a lengthy court case brought by a man whom Gatewood arrested for defrauding Apaches. After meeting at various times and maintaining a mutual respect, Gatewood and Geronimo came together again in 1886, when the former was ordered to track the latter to Mexico and convince him to surrender, even as columns of American and Mexican troops searched for Geronimo's elusive group. The tension and frustrations of what was Gatewood's final mission are palpable, as he convinces Geronimo to allow the tribe's "relocation" to Florida. Gatewood, who gets much fuller treatment here than his counterpart, never got his due for brilliant service in tragically misguided cause, and Geronimo never again saw his homeland or many of his family, from whom he was separated.

"Gatewood and Geronimo" by Louis Kraft documents the heroic deeds of a man of unheralded greatness, of one Charles B. Gatewood. Many lesser men rose to the rank of general while Gatewood died holding the same rank he held when he played the key role in efecting the surrender of the formidable Apache warrior, Geronimo. The surrender of Geronimo effectively ended the American Indian Wars. Kraft's volume brings focus on the long neglected importance of Gatewood's role in American history, and on the long term effects that one ordinary man's moral integrity can have on human history, even though it was ignored, and even despised while Gatewood was alive.

I have not counted the number of books and papers regarding Geronimo's surrender but they are many. Here are the facts, easy to read, accurate, and presented in a very enjoyable read. The author has done an excellent job presenting to the common man the story of bravery, death, and hardship of the early American soldier, and the betrayal of the American Indian. Many thanks to the author and publisher. Where are the awards for them?

I am still reading this addictive collection of personal essays about being a native american in today's America. It makes you laugh and cry and really ponder what the next step for native americans - self identified or otherwise - ought to be. The essays are sometimes very challenging and certainly function as an antidote to the Dances With Wolves type ideology. Reading this book has made me re-think my own heritage, and ultimately helped me to feel more clear about it means to have a native american legacy, acknowledging the responsibilities which come with that. In graduate school, one of the first things I learned was not to essentialize, that is to avoid painting the members of any kind of group with the same broad brush. Everyone has their own story to tell - their own unique and 'situated knowledges'. This collection of essays really brings this home, in a beautiful, accessible, diverse blend of writings which I have loved to dip into and taste. You have to take the bitter with the sweet, but there is much here to refresh the spirit. I think this text would be great in a classroom setting, as well as a great personal read for anyone - regardless of their ancestry.

GENOCIDE OF THE MIND - New Native American Writing

Having a genuine interest and concern in the contemporary issues confronting Native Nations and their respective communities today, I found this book, by Native writers, to be a totally absorbing and captivating literary work.

How refreshing it is, at last, to have a host of Native writers from various Nations, diverse geographical locations and different personal and professional backgrounds address their issues and to share their own lives and innumerable experiences with us, the readers. The spirit contained within the words of this exceptionally well-written, thought-provoking tome, reaches right out from the pages to embrace, envelope and captivate the reader from the very outset.

Make no mistake - these are hard-hitting short auto-biographies, long overdue and at last dispensing with the shroud of myths, wealth of stereotypes and misconceptions surrounding Native American Indian people - the writers do not pull their punches and rightly so. This is a book that tells how it has been, how it is and the many aspirations for how it could be. This is a book that expresses the, at times, overwhelming hurts, the all consuming pain, the denial, the shared fears, the justifiable anger, the numerous abuses, the frustrations and the many disappointments that have had to be endured by Native American Indian People. The accounts within its pages address the lies, the deceit and to any decent human being, the abhorrent and despicable mistreatment meted out to Native People in its entire perverse, covert guises and overt forms. However, what is also readily apparent and conveyed to the reader is the desire to forgive, to heal from past hurts and to take a renewed cultural pride in being a Native individual combined with a sense of urgency to retrieve, restore, teach and maintain Native languages, Traditions, Customs and Ceremonies, for the benefit and well-being of future generations.

This is an intense, dramatic, uplifting and at times, moving `roller-coaster' ride into the annals of European/American and Native relations. After more than 500 years this book more than amply highlights the fact that as Nations and peoples with their own cultures, languages, Traditions, Customs, values and belief systems, they always have been and continue to remain woefully misunderstood by mainstream American society. In my estimation, this book should be compulsory reading in schools throughout the United States, Canada and even here in the United Kingdom. Thereby, educating and raising awareness into an era of history and current contemporary issues that have been misinterpreted, misrepresented, entirely misunderstood and incorrectly portrayed, in books, media and film.

In conclusion, I highly recommend this book to anyone who is genuinely interested in learning `how it is' for the Indigenous People of the North American Continent, today. As stated on the review on the back panel of the book, it brings the Native experience into the 21st Century and in my personal opinion not a moment too soon.

This review would not be complete if I failed to express my gratitude to the Native writers who have chosen to address their issues, share their own lives and personal experiences with us the readers. To each of these contributors, I would like to convey with respect. . . .

Chi Mii-gwech, Nya wenha and Ama' ya

I really appreciate the fact that this book was written from the american indian perspective. This perspective is highly undervalued in historically white supremacist america. I got to read from people from different tribal nationhoods and different ages and stages of life. Part 5 "Who We Are and Who We Are Not" was particularly amazing. I liked Paula Gunn Allen's (Laguna/Metis) piece, "'Indians', Solipsisms, and Archetypal Holocausts" and the surreal poetry and writing of Carter Revard (Osage father) "Postcolonial Hyperbaggage: A Few Poems of Resistance and Survival" Each section of the book is educational and culturally enriching. I love the cover design.

The mascot issue is still pervasive in the american mainstream. People think of Indians as less real as if their opinion doesn't matter anymore. It's like they forget the mainstream just happily, comfortably, and complacently forgets that Native Americans even exist. It's sick. A mental illness that pervades society. That is not how you treat a fellow HUMAN BEING on the planet. How can you claim to be a progressive democratic union when you blatantly misuse stereotypical images of "savage" "ignorant" "crazy" CARICATURED minority populations in order to propel the spirit of aggression in a measly sporting event? Wake up and look in the mirror america... this is reality. This is what is going on in 2003. Meanwhile many natives have given up on life and turned to self sabotaging behavior. People forget about them, they become invisible, their issues and concerns don't matter and the end result is often a deep sense of meaninglessness on what is supposed to be your people's sacred home lands...

I'm glad I read this book. I highly recommend it!

I not an american indian myself. I am igbo from west africa.

blessings...

Genocide of the Mind: New Native American Writing is a series of essays on a variety of Native American topics, from the naming of mascots to stereotypes to growing up with a mixed background. There are even opinions about whether it's appropriate to use the term Indian, Native American, or indigenous people.

One question it presents is whether Native Americans have a different way of relating to the world than other Americans. Also, there is much in here about racism, the more subtle racism that exists today vs. the obvious genocide that occurred in past centuries. Reading the book, I felt sad that my family traditions were lost, wondering if my great-grandfather was forced to assimilate. Perhaps he was sent to a boarding school or resettled with a white family. Was it because of racism that he did not pass down the culture or even the name of his tribe?

The book is a compilation of essays, so there are many different viewpoints. Because many Native Americans are now also part-European, there was much discussion on what is a real Indian and if that question is even valid. Some people believe that you can never be Native American if you were not raised in that culture. Another idea I've heard elsewhere repeated here is that no one is part Indian - you are either Native American or you're not. Some wrote that it was important to learn and preserve your tribal languages and customs, even if your predecessors did not do so.

The essays on mascots was very eye-opening. Previously, I always thought that mascots shouldn't be a big issue, as long as we have teams called "the vikings", why not "the Indians". But after reading several essays on it, I have completely changed my mind. Apparently "redskin" has nothing to do with skin color but because of a bounty that the English government put out on native americans (red - i.e. bloody). In that light, it is really horrible that "redskins" is a team name! To continue on the topic of my reactions to the book, I have wondered whether I would have the same strong reactions if I was reading a book about a different race, one that I have no connection to.

The book made me think about a lot of things that I haven't thought about it before, or not all at once. I especially could relate to the sections written by people who were of mixed ancestry like myself. We have had a lot of common experiences, from comments on our hair and skin color to confusion about our ancestry. As it turns out, I am not the only one that is often mistaken for Spanish or Italian!

The last section was about perceptions of Native Americans vs. the reality. For example, many Americans believe that Native Americans have died out. History and anthrolopogy books speak about Native American tribes in the past tense. Then there are the depictions of Native Americans on television and in children's books. Pocahontas, the nymphette of the Disney movies, does not represent Native American woman. Nor does Sacajawea. Or any of the Western sidekicks or villains.

Because of these stereotypes, some modern Native Americans have been told that they are not Native American by Caucasians because they do not conform to the stereotype - i.e. the feathers, the tipi, etc. This story sounded so familiar that I was quite sure it had happened to me as well.

This book was a fantastic beginning to research on a man largely ignored by American history. I hope this study sparks more work on White. He was a great man, flawed, but with superb strengths of character, facing the final consolidation of Jim Crow in the south, as a member of the demographic community the evil Jim Crow regime targeted. Thanks to the author for removing my ignorance on such a great American.

George Henry White represented North Carolina in Congress from 1897 until 1901. When he left, he became the last man of his race to be elected to Congress during the post-Reconstruction era, leaving a void which would not be filled for nearly 30 years (North Carolina didn't elect another African-American to Congress until 1992). White became, sadly, an historical footnote.

Benjamin Justesen has performed an intense labor of love in resurrecting White's story. Armed with prodigious amounts of careful research - reflected in the copious footnotes sprinkled throughout the text - and his own personal determination to bring this biography to public attention, Justesen has realized his dream of writing George Henry White's life story after becoming acquainted with his subject while working as a reporter in the 1970s.

He brings to life the issues and prejudices of the period, which only serve to magnify the high principles to which White held himself. Believing that education and one's own hard work got one where one wanted to go, White proved his beliefs in a time when Southern public sentiment was gradually moving into its shameful Jim Crow era.

A lawyer, politician, banker, real estate developer, family man and man of faith, George Henry White is a model for anyone today - black or white - who thinks, "I cannot." His life is an example to us all, and his biography a fascinating look at both a man and an era in Southern history.

I know the author of this book, and that is what first interested me in reading it. But I quickly learned there was more to George White than the novelty of being the only African American in Congress (1897-1901). He was a talented, accomplished man--ahead of his time in choosing to combine successful public and private careers with an unusual attention to the less fortunate of his own race. He faced a momentous decision at the turn of the century: accept the new segregation oin the United States, and the disfranchisement that came with it, or condemn both and fight them. he chose the latter, and effectively ended his own political career. But he remains a fascinating man, and one well worth reading about. I recommend you read this book!

At the outset: I'm the author, and of course, I'm partial to my own book. But I'm also immersed in the subject, having spent the last four years of my life bringing George White's story to readers. George White was a fascinating man, but one about whom little is known today: the first African American to serve in Congress in the 20th century (retiring in 1901) and the last of 22 to serve from the South after the Civil War until the 1970s. He was a stalwart Republican, and served alone in the Congress for four years. But he was more than a token--an accomplished teacher, lawyer, prosecutor, developer and banker. He deserves to be studied in depth; my attempt is the baseline, a painstakingly drawn outline, based on a careful study of limited evidence. Judge for yourself--and then place him in his rightful position in our history, as the intriguing, honest, flawed but eminently admirable individual he was. I recommend him--and this book--highly!