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Hentoff: The Lone Voice of ReasonReview Date: 2007-06-14
THOUGHT PROVOKING AND WONDERFULReview Date: 2007-01-20
Both insightful and accessibleReview Date: 2007-05-18
His prescription can be hard to accept at times, but the case he makes is persuasive that in the end, liberty of speech is the best guarantee of a free society and of the ability for that society to work through the all viewpoints to reach agreement on which opinions are social desirable and which are not.
Democracy and freedom are hard masters, but they are worth it.
Great book--very objectiveReview Date: 2001-05-20
Hentoff gives many examples, including some of his own, where both sides of the political spectrum attempt to censor the speech of the other. He discusses everything from efforts on college campuses to prevent non politically correct subjects from being discussed to censorship he faced while writing his columns.
Great book for people to read on both sides of the political spectrum. Perhaps it could move more people on both sides to actually listen to opposing points of view rather than trying to prevent the discussion. We have to understand that the 1st Amendment was not designed to protect speech we agree with--their would be no need for such protection. Being offended is really not a constitutional reason to preclude speech (in my view as well as Hentoff's).
Interesting collection of anecdotesReview Date: 2005-01-30

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Having read all the reviews, this is what I think:Review Date: 2001-10-03
Having read all the reviews, this is what I think:Review Date: 2001-10-03
Let me tell you about this English ModelReview Date: 2001-10-03
May I know more about this English Model?Review Date: 2001-09-18
Yes, but . . .Review Date: 2001-09-05

FundaraisingReview Date: 2008-01-21
A book for higher education & personal readingReview Date: 2007-02-13
Excellent and Proven Expertise in FundraisingReview Date: 2006-03-09
A must read for any progressive organization staff memberReview Date: 2005-12-13
A Fundraising Startup Guide: The Nuts and Bolts to Building a Successful Fundraising Profit CenterReview Date: 2007-12-30
I love this book. It's been around for a while in one form or another. Currently it is in its 5th revision. And with each revision the author has refined it. As a result, it is very well written and outlined. It is also really good because the author is a fundraising practitioner and teaches what she does. She really knows her stuff when it comes to fundraising. At least that's the impression I get from reading her book.
Fundraising at a nonprofit, whether large or small, is basically a profit center. It's a business! This book treats it as a business and has the feel of a startup guide for that business. As a SCORE volunteer believe me when I say this book has the feel of a startup guide; I've read my fair share of startup guides for for-profits and counseled enough wanta-be entrepreneurs on how to start a business. This book is a startup guide.
So how is this book a startup guide? Well, it advocates preparing a written fundraising plan BEFORE you put together your fundraising office and start raising funds. It describes a "fundraising framework" that you must understand before you can prepare a sound and successful plan. Then it tells you about time-tested strategies for acquiring and keeping donors - the strategies that will enable your nonprofit to build a foundation or base of donors from which all successful fundraising will emanate. And next it tells you about the time-tested strategies for upgrading donors so they will (or can be expected to) give larger gifts as time moves forward. There are also sections that explain how to setup and manage a fundraising office, and how to prepare a budget and write a fundraising plan.
The book could have stopped there. That's all that a startup really needs to know and do to be successful at raising sufficient funds to provide its services and distribute its products. However, the author tells us more. She talks about feasibility studies and capital campaigns. And she talks about actually being a professional fundraiser, and about special or unique circumstances where traditional fundraising methods don't always work well.
I really have only one problem with this book. I would like it so much better if the author would change its title to something like - A Fundraising Startup Guide: The Nuts and Bolts to Building a Successful Fundraising Profit Center. I realize the author's background is in helping cash-strapped nonprofits that advocate social change, and that this book was initially created to help her help those organizations (and herself). But the book is not merely about nonprofits that advocate social change. And I wish the title would properly reflect what the book covers. 5 stars!

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GOOOH ... Required Reading for Every AmericanReview Date: 2008-07-09
GOOOH is exceptionally well written, although the author states he is not an 'author'. American's are frustrated and this book is going to stir that fustration, yet provide a plan to channel that frustration to successful action. GOOOH is a revolutionary plan to unseat the current members of the House of Representatives in the 2010 election with non-politians who will be vetted by their districts constituents. This book addresses every uncomfortable fiscal and social bancruptcy that we experience daily and more importantly the 2 party Representatives are not addressing.
This book clearly lays out the GOOOH strategy, by smartly contrasting the GOOOH plan to the failures the 2 political parties have been delivering for 60+ years. GOOOH's elegance is it's simplicity. All GOOOH candidates must commit to a legally binding contract that if elected they must align their congressional voting record with their pre-candidate voting position (legally binding). If there are any vote conflicts with their pre-election position, then the Representative must resign or be removed from office. GOOOH will deliver a U.S. House of Representatives that would be accountable to the People.
No matter how you label yourself politically (Liberal, Socialist, Libertarian, Conservative, Moderate ...); GOOOH gives each American a plan and more importantly a call to action. If you consider yourself an American; then you have a duty to yourself, your family and God to read this book and become involved with www.GOOOH.com.
Why GOOOH and why now? God has blessed America for 232 years, however God's blessings are surely running out on America as we continue to allow this treasonous path of not honoring Him as One Nation Under God.
great book, great plan!Review Date: 2007-11-26
This plan or movement by Tim Cox is one of those things you think to yourself, "why didn't someone do this before?". This book makes you think about all of the important issues that we, as Americans are facing today and what we can do about them. It makes you believe that you don't have to sit on the sidelines any longer but that you can actually do something about the career politicians who are ruining our country. Our United States of America can go back to being 'by the people, and for the people", we just have to act. Great book, great read! Buy this book!
It's so easy and makes so much sense!Review Date: 2007-11-21
A call to action from WITHIN our Constitutional systemReview Date: 2008-02-07
His book makes a powerful impact by first outlining his plan at a high level. It is a reasonable call to action, asking all of us to find trustworthy candidates in our everyday life. He outlines the steps for sweeping November with grassroots action, and both the enthusiast and the skeptic can find plenty of details on the website named for the plan's acronym. Only after describing the movement at a high level does Cox make his case for the imperative need to evict the current legislature, sever special interest ties, and obliterate the restrictive two-party system. True to his scientific background, the plan centers on a 100-point candidate questionnaire, to which GOOOH's politicians would be held accountable in office. He has designed a democratic, self-funded system for electing leaders from among the many qualified citizens of our country.
Tim Cox's GOOOH plan has opened my mind, and I'll be passing my copy of the book along to friends and family in the next few months. He has made a compelling case for a revolution which is conducted entirely WITHIN the our Constitutional system.
Great read!Review Date: 2007-11-29

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Well-written account of the atrocities in BosniaReview Date: 2003-08-28
If you live an enire life and only read one bookReview Date: 2003-03-27
A sad, depressing, and brutally honest bookReview Date: 1999-11-07
Extract from ýBooks on Bosniaý, London 1999Review Date: 2000-03-13
THE definative account of the Bosnian warReview Date: 2000-05-12

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Delish!Review Date: 2007-09-24
Follows the author's journey to twenty-seven eating contests on two continents, from the U.S. to JapanReview Date: 2006-07-27
Diane C. Donovan
California Bookwatch
SatisfyingReview Date: 2006-06-02
You should read it, franklyReview Date: 2006-05-11
Really intriguing and well writtenReview Date: 2006-08-22
Frankly, some of the details are just weird or hysterical (dunking hot dogs in liquid so that they go down easier - yuck) and yet it's all nicely detailed and believable. One thing that is not evident from the cover is that the story is not just of the business of competitive eating, which I knew nothing about and which he covers well, but of America's huge appetites for everything. I found this aspect of the book surprisingly thought provoking. I say surprisingly, because I really just thought it would be about obese guys eating hot dogs. But it actually made me really think about these people, and why they do this to themselves, and more importantly, why we as a country do it - we just consume, consume, consume.
It's one of the few books that I've read in a few years where I think the title doesn't explain the book well, and a different one might have lent itself better to the actual material inside.

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How can you not read this book?Review Date: 2008-07-16
Insightful, very funny, and then there's the penultimate story of Roger LigonReview Date: 2008-06-24
Very well writtenReview Date: 2008-06-09
Good book by a lawyer who doesn't take himself too seriouslyReview Date: 2008-05-20
And, it's not just defending his profession. He looks at the practice of criminal law in general. This isn't a nuts-and-bolts, or a tell-all, just a description of how defense lawyers, judges, prosecutors and cops are all people -- and how those who are best people are usually the best in their line of work.
Filled with great anecdotes from an attorney who truly doesn't take himself too seriously, Mickey Sherman explains not only how he can defend "those guys," but, how you should be glad people like him defend "those guys."
Hysterically EntertainingReview Date: 2008-05-05
Enchanted by the quagmires, challenges, and events that surround the lives of attorneys, media commentators, and entertainers?
Interested in the inside scoop on high profile cases, courtroom dramas, actors, players, and the personal boundaries that attorney's often face?
Want to read something that will make you laugh out loud, get teary eyed, stir your nerves, rock your views, and motivate you to live each day as you see fit?
If your answers are yes - then "How Can You Defend Those People" is a MUST READ! It's rare to find a book where readers are so moved by one man's life experiences! Mickey Sherman's accounts are so vividly cast and frankly depicted that they leave you yearning for more and wondering how all these interesting events could possibly have happened to one person! From Michael Skakel, OJ Simpson, Scott Peterson, Martha Stewart, the Menedez brothers ... to the quite unknown yet poignant story of Roger Ligon ... this book is well-written, exciting, and hysterically entertaining!

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This book is a must read!Review Date: 2008-06-03
On August 27th of 1960, more than two hundred white segregationists armed with axe handles and baseball bats attacked 35 unarmed black teenage members of the Jacksonville Youth Council NAACP as they sat peacefully at a Woolworth's lunch counter in downtown Jacksonville, Florida. This horrific and shameful attack, designed to prevent black people from being seated and served, received virtually no coverage from the major media in the Jacksonville area, and only surfaced in the national news by virtue of the strenuous efforts of the local NAACP, black news papers and the determination of the black community. Jacksonville police did nothing to prevent the attack, and in fact, encouraged it. The attack triggered serious violence between whites and blacks in the Jacksonville area, and came close to triggering serious armed conflict. One of Hurt's themes is that irrational hatred and prejudice can only be preserved in social institutions when vital facts are suppressed, and ignorance is preserved. Newspapers and other media of the white community in Jacksonville, could have reported the truth about the attack, what lead up to it, and what followed it. They could have tried to defend what happened from a segregationist point of view. Instead through neglect and deliberate effort, they tried to suppress and distort news about the entire sequence of events.
Although Mr. Hurst, now in his sixties, was the sixteen-year old leader of the young people involved in the famous sit in, he makes his extraordinarily convincing case not as an angry propagandist, but as a thoughtful historian. He felt the need to write this book from the "inside" perspective because, as he successfully argues, the best local coverage at the time came from black newspapers that were not read outside that community. The local white papers covered these events minimally, in a distorted fashion, or not at all. In addition the national press--and many of the books written on the subject since those days--simply got the facts wrong. What Hurst provides in a way that has not been revealed before is the full social and cultural context in which these events unfolded.
The Jacksonville of 1960 was a profoundly segregated one, and Hurst paints a powerful and fascinating sketch of the lives of black people in that segregated reality. Denied access to many white institutions, black people had their own theaters, their own barbershops, beauty shops, haberdasheries, shoe stores, and newspapers. As the picture of that reality emerges, Hurst makes a powerful case (based on facts, not rhetorical assertions) that the preservation of segregation was based on deep rooted lies. Schools were much more poorly funded than white schools, undermining the claim that blacks schools were separate but equal. Ironically, many of the black schools were names after Confederate generals whose names were then impressed on books, documents, and the cement of the institutions themselves. In one case, a school was actually named after the Confederate General who founded the KKK! White church audiences in Jacksonville were often treated to sermons in which biblical passages were cited to justify the morality of segregationist policies. Hurst also cited many instances in which opportunities were curtailed for talented young people, including some remarkable athletes whose rise was impeded because of their color.
For young Hurst, the first step toward reclaiming his history was through a wonderful set of adult role models in the community, including series of remarkable teachers in his high school who taught students to value themselves and take pride in their community. He mentions many of them fondly in the book--in particular, his history teacher, Rutledge Henry Pearson, who laid the prescribed text aside and taught students the history of black people, locally and nationally. In the process Pearson helped students develop a sense of esteem and self-value that lead to an understanding of the oppressive nature of the segregated system under which they lived. EDUCATION was the tool of self awareness, and teachers like Pearson helped set students on the path to recognizing their condition. Other adult leaders in the local NAACP helped members of the Jacksonville youth Council of the NAACP decide that something needed to be done to change that condition. That decision, arrived at by the students themselves, led to the peaceful sit-in at a Woolworth's lunch counter, and triggered a terrifying confrontation with the white community.
Hurst's account of what unfolded is full of chilling and fascinating moments. We hear how weapons were gathered for the attack as police looked the other way. We hear accounts of how one local paper tried to persuade a wire service not to report the unfolding story for national coverage. (The wire service refused). We are made cognizant of the astounding courage of the black students who were willing to be physically beaten to stand up for their rights. We witness the bravery of a remarkable young white man, Richard Parker, who joined the sit-in, and had to be rescued from a white mob by young members of a black gang called the "boomerangs."
Over time, American and world opinion has recognized the heroism of the brave teenagers who challenged segregation and were beaten for it. The sit-ins have even been honored by a commemorative stamp. As Mr. Hurst explains, the demonstrations were about "human dignity and respect. Lunch counters were just visible and convenient venues to attack racial discrimination."
Whether you are black or white it is hard to read this book without experiencing grief, horror and dismay over these events which happened only a few short decades ago. WingSpan Press deserves kudos for printing it--but this book should have been published by a major press. (Any university press in Florida, for example would have been enhanced and honored by printing it.) It is my hope that in the future, historians will look to this excellent little book to get the inside story of what really happened at a sit-in at a white lunchroom in Jacksonville in 1960. What lead to it--and what followed. There is history to be ashamed of here--but also heroes to be proud of. This is a book that every American who cares about truth and history should read and appreciate.
Well-written and well-editedReview Date: 2008-05-08
"On August 27, 1960, more than 200 whites with ax handles and baseball bats attacked members of the Jacksonville Youth Council NAACP in downtown Jacksonville who were sitting in at white lunch counters protesting racism and segregation. Referred to as Ax Handle Saturday, It was never about a hot dog and a Coke chronicles the racial and political climate of Jacksonville, Florida in the late fifties, the events leading up to that infamous day, and the aftermath."
This informative memoir is about a dangerous time. The events are a part of our history, and through Rodney's story we learn more about the people and groups involved and the courage it took to sit. The book is well-written and well-edited. Thanks, Rodney, for taking the time.
Kaye Trout
Reviewer
Bob Medak, AllBooks ReviewsReview Date: 2008-05-08
There are numerous historical characters from the civil rights movement in this book; some many may not have heard of. You will find them, and the time frame interesting; I did.
Mr. Hurst was born in Jacksonville, Florida; in 1944. He lived through the time of segregation and activists; being recognized as an activist, and member of the Jacksonville Youth Council NAACP. Mr. Hurst later became president of the Jacksonville Youth Council NAACP. He has been married to his wife Ann for forty-one years. They have two sons, and two granddaughters.
Although this is a book about the civil rights movement of the 50's and 60's in Jacksonville, there is much more to this story; as seen through the eyes of a person that was there and witnessed Ax Handle Saturday. As a reader, you'll get a perspective of truth about living in that era from one who did. I would recommend this book for anyone interested in the civil rights movement and segregation that used to be in the southern states.
Very nicely presentedReview Date: 2008-05-01
A Jacksonville, Florida former councilman Rodney Hurst Sr. is a grandfather, father of two sons and has been a loving husband for over forty-one years. The inspiration for his book began when he was eleven-years-old and was introduced to his first youth group.
Joining a youth group at the age of eleven would be uneventful to an average child, but for Rodney; it was the beginning of an adventure. Who would have thought that this would be the beginning of a long road? This road caused him pain, sorrow and depression, but yet gave him the greatest joy of his life, freedom. In a time of "White only" restaurants, "White and Colored" restrooms, Rodney grew to become a notable activist for the struggles of his people. From his first sit-in at the "Woolworths Department Store," to his election as Councilman for the city of Jacksonville, Florida; the book does a wonderful job of tracing Rodney's plight. Tracing his exploits every step of the way, it kept you glued to the pages.
With all the adventure of a war novel, the book takes you to all the places history was made. It takes you to the front lines, the battles and the victories of the marches and the sit-ins. With such good attention to actual events and the truth of what took place, this book makes you one with the protestors. You become a part of the movement and feel what they were feeling.
I enjoyed "It was never about a hot dog and a Coke" and thought it was well-written and very nicely presented. The quality of the print, the front and back cover art and the reprints of historic pictures; all made for an interesting read. This historic 191-page book is a fast and informative read and I gave it my well-deserved A, and recommend it to the general audience.
Informative and educational!Review Date: 2008-05-08
"It was never about a hot dog and a Coke!" is author Rodney L. Hurst's first-hand account of the sit-ins in Jacksonville, Florida in the 1960s. Throughout his lifetime Hurst has been a very active and influential member of the Jacksonville community. He has served on the Jacksonville City Council. He was the first African-American to be a TV co-host in Jacksonville. He was the Executive Director of Florida's Construction Industry Licensing Board. Besides these and other accomplishments, the one that this book centers around is the time period in which he was involved with the Jacksonville Youth Council NAACP. He joined at age 11 and became President of the group at age 15.
During this era everything was segregated. There were restrooms specifically designated for "Coloreds" and ones for "Whites." There was even s a separate section of The Florida Times-Union newspaper that had a black star at the top and was "News For and About the Colored People of Jacksonville." This section of the paper was not included in home deliveries to white households so white people of the time knew little about the achievements and news in the black community. Among other areas, this segregation also applied to the educational system and to lunch counters in department stores, which is the main focus of Hurst's book. As President of the Jacksonville Youth council NAACP group he played an influential role in leading the sit-ins at these lunch counters in the 1960s in a protest of segregation and racism. As the title of the book implies, these sit-ins were not "about a hot dog and a Coke," they were about "...human dignity and respect. Lunch counters were just visible and convenient vestiges to attack racial discriminations."
Although the sit-ins were peaceful demonstrations, the reactions by the white community were not always so peaceful. There was one incident that was dubbed "Ax Handle Saturday" that occurred on August 27th, 1960 in which mobs of white people attacked black shoppers with ax sticks and baseball bats.
"It was ever about a hot dog and a Coke!" is a look at the events by someone who truly lived and breathed them. It is a first-hand look at the civil rights movement of that era that has not become misconstrued by going through numerous sources. Throughout the book are numerous pictures of the people involved and also some of the few pictures of the events that took place. One of the pictures included is a disturbing one taken on "Ax Handle Saturday" which features an innocent bystander splattered in blood from being attacked. These pictures give you a true sense of just how horrific the events were that took place.
I lived in Jacksonville for a short period of time so the references to certain streets were familiar to me but most of the history of the black community in that area was not at all. I feel like I learned a lot by reading Hurst's book, "It was never about a hot dog and a Coke!," and I think it would be a wonderful addition to the required reading list of any history class or to anyone who wants to educate themselves of the events that occurred in America's past.

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Great but why?Review Date: 2008-07-14
Usually, I prefer reading a book on the couch instead of on a computer screen, but that's not how you learn jQuery. You have to try it. You have to play with it. And if you have to sit in front of your PC or Mac anyway, you might as well just follow an online tutorial.
Rock solid way to learn jQuery quicklyReview Date: 2008-07-03
Made the whole learning process much more enjoyableReview Date: 2008-06-30
Great jQuery ResourceReview Date: 2008-05-27
Great Book, Best Ajax LibraryReview Date: 2008-05-29
I haven't read too many books solely on Ajax frameworks but I cannot recommend this one enough. You'll be up and running with jQuery faster than you can imagine.


Philosopher of Liberty.Review Date: 2008-06-17
He is a liberal in the old sense of the word (the 19th century sense). His views on liberty and freedom have shaped many thinkers especially those that came out of the Chicago school. His writings were against "totalitarian" systems in which he had some experience with. He surveys the theoretical meanings of what "liberty" is and provides his own constructs.
He discusses positive and negative senses of liberty.
His views have been cited by Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer in Breyer's most recent book, Active Liberty: Interpreting Our Democratic Constitution. It is not clear whether Berlin would support Justice Breyer's extension of his views, but I believe Justice Breyer was seeking to define his own "Active Liberty" concept by using the positive aspect of liberty discussed by Berlin.
Isaiah Berlin is a very important 20th century philosopher (a political philosopher or political scientist as well) and this is a very important book consisting of his essays. I highly recommend it.
Freedom of the wolves has often meant death of the sheepReview Date: 2007-04-14
As I. Berlin states, `The periods and societies in which civil liberties were respected, and variety of opinion and faith tolerated, have been very few and far between, oases in the desert of human uniformity, intolerance and oppression.'
I. Berlin explains clearly that liberty has two faces: a positive and a negative one.
Positive liberty is the answer to the question: who controls? Am I my own master?
Negative liberty circumscribes the area wherein a third person can prevent anybody to make a free choice.
On these bases, a free society can be organized, with 1) absolute rights (not absolute powers) and 2) frontiers, defined in terms of rules, within which men should be inviolable.
For the author, freedom is not an end, but a means to create `room for personal ends', for happiness. He rightly criticizes E. Fromm: freedom is the opportunity to act, not action itself.
Philosophically, freedom has been ferociously contested by the determinists, the defenders of `historical inevitability' (Hegel, Marx, Bacon, Fourier, Comte). The author remarks judiciously that if the world is ruled by determinism, nobody is responsible: there is no free will, no morality, and no justice. Individual choice is an illusion. Determinism represents the world as a prison.
A more brutal kind of determinism is presented by those who believe that there is a final answer, a unique goal, a central principle that governs our life. This principle and its executioners provoked barbarous consequences.
Isaiah Berlin's reflections on liberty are profound and still very actual.
Not to be missed.
Stimulating but Perhaps DatedReview Date: 2007-02-26
How good are these essays? They were written originally in the late 1940s through late 1950s and were directed, at least in part, at issues that preoccupied British intellectuals of that period. The backdrop was the Cold War, and debates about the justification of socialist ideals and the nature of socialism. Most of these essays have not worn well. I don't think there is much original or profound in either the first or last essays of the four; Political Ideas in the 20th Century, and John Stuart Mill and the Ends of Life. I suspect most critical readers will find the essay entitled Historical Inevitability to be fairly pedestrian. This leaves the most celebrated of these essays, Two Concepts of Liberty. It is on this essay and some of his best historical studies that Berlin's reputation rests.
In Two Concepts, Berlin developed his famous distinction between "negative" and "positive" concepts of liberty. He particularly focused on how a certain rationalist conception of "positive" liberty can become, though often via a tortuous route, a justification for attacks on "negative" liberty and assault basic human rights. Berlin argues that this conception of "positive" liberty leads to the great crimes of the 20th century. This leads to an eloquent plea for some form of pluralism in regard to ultimate human goals. Berlin develops this argument brilliantly and with a self-assured writing style that is a pleasure to read.
But how good is his argument? As he himself points out, there are circumstances underwhich the distinction between "negative" and "positive" liberty can be cloudy, casting doubt on the utility and reality of this distinction. He is incorrect in assigning blame for all the terrible crimes of the 20th century to the rationalist view of "positive" liberty. This is certainly a fair criticism with respect to Marxism and the great crimes of Marxist states. But does it apply to Fascism and violent nationalism? These movements were marked by wholesale rejection of rationalism and exaltation of emotion, quite different from what he describes as the rationalist wellspring of all the crimes of the 20th century.
Berlin is an interesting and thought provoking essayist but not a major figure in political thought or intellectual history.
Great treatise on the meaning of libertyReview Date: 2007-08-14
The famous concepts Berlin distinguishes between are Positive Liberty and Negative Liberty. 1. Positive Liberty means self-control over your own life. 2. Negative liberty means you are free from interference from other people. Other people can't force you to do something. Positive liberty is self-mastery, self-control. Negative liberty means you are free from interference from other people. Others can't compel you to act in a way you don't want to act. At first these sound like two sides of the same coin. What Berlin points out historically is that people who believe in Positive Liberty have taken it in a very different direction than those that believe in Negative Liberty. What they (Positive Liberty adherents) have done is to infer that from each person you can distinguish between what he or she thinks he or she wants, and what his or her better self or true self would want. Therefore, there is this idea that we all might have certain desires that we want but that they are not expressive of our real essence. An obvious case is an addict who has some part of them that really don't want the drug. Even though they put all their time and energy in getting the drug it might be tempting to think that they really don't want the drug. Once they got the distinction between ordinary desires that you are aware of and the desires that you truly want, then the Positive Liberty people are tempted to say that for someone to really have charge of their life to really have liberty than we have to make sure that they are doing what their true self wants to do, not the self that they are consciously aware of, not the self not the desires that seem to them to be strongest. But what the angels of their better nature want, that's real freedom. Even when the person is protesting that that isn't what they want, if you are making them do what their true self wants really then you are making them do good. Kant would be a supporter of this view.
We have two aspects of human nature. The numeral self and nominal self. The numeral self is our true self and is the basis of morality this is why we are morally obligated to do things because our true self accepts a certain kind of law and imposes it on us. We are obligated to obey it because it is a law our true self chooses even though we may not be consciously aware of it, we may have all kinds of desires pulling us in different directions. We are obligated to do it because it is what our true self chooses. Rousseau is very much in this tradition. He says people can be forced to be free. Historically, this is the direction that many people who believe in Positive Liberty go in.
The Negative liberty people tend to say that other people don't tell them what to do. They could have gone the same route thinking about two kinds of selves, and they could say negative liberty is when your lower self doesn't tell your higher self what to do, but that historically hasn't happened. That is not the kind of liberty they have been thinking about. Liberals generally belong to this kind of negative liberty position. The kind of liberty liberals tend to care about is freedom from other individuals or the government. Free to the extent no one tells you what to do, none of this true self-stuff. You are free if other people can't stop you from doing what you want to do. All the different liberals are going to believe that people should have a significant amount of this kind of (negative), liberty. All the critics of liberalism are not all going to want to take all this kind of liberty away, but they are going to definitely say that liberty is not as important as the liberals think it is and that it ought to be restricted in some significant ways.
Berlin says, once you see how the Positive Liberty idea was developed, it turns out not to have the same kind of tension with Political Liberty that Negative Liberty does. Since, you could always have the view what peoples true selves want can be discovered by a kind of democratic process, so that what the majority votes for is what everyone wants, even the minority, they just didn't really know what they wanted. We all really want what is best for our community, as Rousseau would say.
Recommended reading for anyone interested in philosophy, political science, and history.
Essays of the master moral philosopher of political liberty Review Date: 2006-04-27
This is the way Wikipedia makes the distinction.
"He defined negative liberty as the absence of constraints on, or interference with, agents' possible action. I am more "negatively free" to the extent that fewer opportunities for possible action are foreclosed or interfered with. Positive liberty he associated with the idea of self-mastery, or the capacity to determine oneself, to be in control of one's destiny. While Berlin granted that both concepts of liberty represent valid human ideals, he believed that as a matter of history, the positive concept of liberty has proven more susceptible to political abuse. He argued that under the influence of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Immanuel Kant and G.W.F. Hegel (all committed to the positive concept of liberty), European political thinkers were frequently tempted to equate liberty with forms of political discipline or constraint. This became politically dangerous when the relevant ideals of positive liberty were, in the course of the 19th century, used to defend ideals of national self-determination, imperatives of democratic self-government, and the communist notion of humanity collectively asserting rational control over its own destiny. In this way of thinking, Berlin contended, demands for freedom paradoxically become demands for forms of collective control and discipline - those deemed necessary for the "self-mastery" or self-determination of nations, classes, democratic communities, and perhaps of humanity as a whole. There is thus an elective affinity, for Berlin, between positive liberty and political totalitarianism."
Another of Berlin's major essays in this work deals with the conception of 'Historical Inevitability'. Here he is most fierce in his critique of Marxism with its posited inevitable stages of history. Something of a great man himself, Berlin was a strong champion of the idea that great individuals shape human events, and introduce novel transformations of reality.
A third center of Berlin's thought has to do with his 'pluralism' his sense of the differing ideals and values different societies have. His pluralism however is what he called an 'objective pluralism' as he thought that there are certain values such as 'individual liberty' which should prevail in all societies.
Ultimately though he claimed that both for the individual and for society 'ideal ends' often conflict, and that perfect realization in action, is therefore impossible. Life for Berlin moral decision for Berlin thus has a tragic element of incompleteness and contradiction.
In this sense of our limitation deriving from our own ideal ends and actions, Berlin 's thought ultimately corresponds to arguments concerning the limitations of Mind which have been made in modern thought regard to a wide variety of other areas of human inquiry, from theology to mathematics.
Related Subjects: Competitions
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He performs an invaluable public service when he exposes the inherent hypocrisy of groups claiming that their First Amendement rights are being disrespected. Evangelical Christians wring their hands ad nauseam and wail about how the ACLU would make it illegal for someone to sit under a tree riding the Bible. Even worse than the sheer idiocy of this prediction is the fact that the same evangelical Christian would happily take away my right to sit under the adjacent tree reading HUSTLER. Although it revolts me, I know that someone else can ride the city bus reading MEIN KAMPF and be 100% within their rights.
I encourage anyone who wants to keep the future of free expression alive--either as a consumer or as a creator, or both--to read FREE SPEECH FOR ME, BUT NOT FOR THEE. Hentoff spoke of his own brushes with it when, during his days as a VILLAGE VOICE commentator, he was censored